Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) is primarily associated with clinical syndromes such as rhinotracheitis, pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis, abortion, infertility, conjunctivitis and encephalitis in bovine species. The main sources of infection are the nasal exudates and the respiratory droplets, genital secretions, semen, fetal fluids and tissues. The BHV-1 virus can become latent follo...

We have recently reported the isolation of a novel virus, provisionally designated C/swine/Oklahoma/1334/2011 (C/OK), with 50% overall homology to human influenza C viruses (ICV), from a pig in Oklahoma. Deep RNA sequencing of C/OK virus found a matrix 1 (M1) protein expression strategy that differed from that of ICV. The novelty of C/OK virus prompted us to investigate whether C/OK virus could...

Bovine papilloma antigen detected by fluorescent antibody was correlated with the appearance of infectious virus and with epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratinization in the developing bovine cutaneous papilloma. Neither antigen nor infectious virus was found in the earliest stages of growth characterized by connective tissue pro liferation and by little or no epithelial change. The cellular ...

The murine AIDS (MAIDS) virus has a unique sequence in the gag p12 region, which could be responsible for MAIDS development. RNA preparations from the spleens of normal uninfected C57BL/6 mice contain a transcript hybridizing with this sequence. Levels of the transcript in the kidney of C57BL/6 mice were higher than in the spleen, liver or thymus. Although BALB/c, NFS, DBA/2 and SL murine strai...

The study of retroviruses has had a profound impact by unveiling an unusual form of viral replication: the multiplication of RNA viruses via a proviral DNA, for which Jan Svoboda provided the experimental model over forty years ago. In 1970 Temin, Mizutani and Baltimore discovered that this group of viruses contains a unique enzyme catalysing the synthesis of a DNA copy of the viral RNA: revers...

In 1957 Charlotte Friend was able to transmit, in mice, “a disease having the characteristics of leukaemia” by using cell-free filtrates obtained from the spleen of leukaemic mice. (Friend, J. Exp. Med. 1957; 105:307). In 1958 de Harven and Friend reported the finding in the filtrates of “virus-like” particles. “Particles were found in about one-quarter of the examined specimens from leukaemic ...