INTRODUCTION Disorders of the auditory and vestibular system are often associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, the extent and nature of these vestibular manifestations are unclear. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the current peer-reviewed literature on vestibular manifestations and pathology related to human immunodeficiency v...

INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been growing concern about an increasing rate of cardiovascular diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, which could be associated with side effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is likely that the metabolic disorders related to anti-human immunodeficiency virus treatment will eventually translate into a increased cardiova...

occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is an important hazard for health care workers, which places them at a high risk for blood-borne infections including hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus and results in psychological and emotional stresses. several preventive measures have been proposed including pre-exposure ( e.g. , education, use of standard pre...

Background and Aims: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is considered as worldwide and economically significant infection. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of persistent bovine viral diarrhea infection (PI) in industrial dairies of Tehran and Alborz province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102371 blood samples were collected from bovine of industria...

We used bacteria-derived bovine alpha-interferon I1 (Bo IFN-alpha I1) to study its antiviral effect in a bovine turbinate cell line on bovine diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, and pseudorabies virus. We based our study upon replicate tests for each strain by using a block titration system with various concentrations of Bo IFN-alpha I1 against variou...

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is frequently found in cattle worldwide. The etiology of BRDC is complicated by infections with multiple pathogens, making identification of the causal pathogen difficult. Here, we developed a detection system by applying TaqMan real-time PCR (Dembo respiratory-PCR) to screen a broad range of microbes associated with BRDC in a single run. We selected 16...

A 52-year-old man with 6 years' history of human immunodeficiency virus infection who was receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy presented with acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy revealed features consistent with nephropathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Treatment consisted of intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone. T...

Both α- and β-defensins have anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. These defensins achieve human immunodeficiency virus inhibition through a variety of mechanisms, including direct binding with virions, binding to and modulation of host cell-surface receptors with disruption of intracellular signaling, and functioning as chemokines or cytokines to augment and alter adaptive immune respons...

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine maternal, obstetric, and infant characteristics of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Nairobi, Kenya. STUDY DESIGN: Proviral human immunodeficiency virus-1 was detected by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood samples taken between 6 weeks and 3 months of age from 107 children born to human immunodeficiency virus-1 seropos...