The probability distribution function of n random elements subjected to the flexible boundary condition is derived. The probability density is a descending curve and converges to a delta function as n tends to infinity. The distribution of the minimum value is discussed in context of ordered statistics.

One of the most classical and successful software testing strategies is that of testing boundary values in the input domain (Reid 1997). In this paper we introduce a notion of boundary values for a finite subset of a metric space. Boundary values are distinguished between nucleus (central elements) and perimeter ( peripheral elements). Nucleus (resp. perimeter) elements are those objects whose ...

Boundary elements or insulators subdivide eukaryotic chromosomes into a series of structurally and functionally autonomous domains. They ensure that the action of enhancers and silencers is restricted to the domain in which these regulatory elements reside. Three models, the roadblock, sink/decoy, and topological loop, have been proposed to explain the insulating activity of boundary elements. ...

The accurate evaluation of nearly singular boundary integrals is an important issue in BEM. Several techniques have been developed in recent years, with various degree of success, but it should be stressed that the boundary geometry is depicted essentially by using lower-order elements in those approaches. However, a high level of the geometry approximation in BEM is desired in many application...

We examine the application of boundary states in computing amplitudes in offshell open string theory. We find a straightforward generalization of boundary state which produces the correct matrix elements with on-shell closed string states.

The laminar-to-turbulent transition of boundary layers induced by isolated threedimensional roughness elements is analyzed by mining a direct numerical simulation database, which covers the variation of many physical parameters, including Mach and Reynolds numbers, and obstacle shape and size. We find that the transition process is approximately controlled by a Reynolds number based on the mome...

In this paper, a revitalization of conformal mapping methods applied to fluid flows in two dimensions is proposed. The present work addresses several important issues concerning their application for vortex particle flow solvers. Difficulties of past conformal based method are reviewed. One difficulty concerns the ability of a mapping procedure to represent complicated shapes. The present paper...

Although it is now well-established that boundary elements/insulators function to subdivide eukaryotic chromosomes into autonomous regulatory domains, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. One idea is that boundaries act as barriers, preventing the processive spreading of "active" or "silenced" chromatin between domains. Another is that the partitioning into autonomous functional units is a...

after weakening of traditional presence of rhythm and rhyme in poem and introducing of new issues and challenges, the necessity of using the capacity and various tools for indicating concepts received more attention. poets by using different elements struggled to communicate with their audience properly. one of these elements derived from music is repetition which is so brilliant in ahmad matar...