Anti-epileptic medications encompass a wide range of drugs including anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, enzyme inducers or inhibitors, with a variety effects, including induction of cytochrome P450 and other enzyme, which may lead to catabolism of vitamin D and hypocalcemia and other effects that may significantly effect the risk for low bone mass and fractures. With the current estimates of 50 ...

Bone is maintained by coupled activities of bone-forming osteoblasts/osteocytes and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Alterations in this relationship can lead to pathologic bone loss such as osteoporosis. It well known that osteogenic cells support osteoclastogenesis via production RANKL. Interestingly, our recently identified marrow mesenchymal cell population—marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (...

Chronic renal failure leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism; the spontaneous evolution of this entity results in high bone remodelling. However, throughout the last decades we have learnt that several medical interventions, particularly those which involve a high degree of aluminium exposure, may change the evolution of secondary hyperparathyroidism, leading to other diseases such as aluminium...

Mechanical stress is an important factor in the regulation of bone metabolism. In addition, osteoblasts play a crucial role in bone metabolism. Osteoblasts produce bone matrix and osteotropic cytokines such as receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). It was recently reported that mechanical stress loading affects the regulation of inflammatory cytokine, ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with disturbances in bone strength and metabolism. The alterations of the serotonergic system are also observed in CKD. We used the 5/6 nephrectomy model of CKD to assess the impact of peripheral serotonin and its metabolite- 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid on bone biomechanical properties and metabolism in growing rats. The animals were sacrificed one and ...

introduction: the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of low-level neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd:yag) laser irradiation on orthodontic tooth movement and histological examination. methods: eleven male wistar rats (aged 10 weeks) were included. to produce experimental tooth movement in rats, 10 g force was applied to maxillary first molars with nickel titanium closed coil...

CONTEXT Due to maldigestion, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) in chronic pancreatitis may lead to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamin D. This may, in turn, can cause disturbances in bone metabolism and reduce bone mineral density. OBJECTIVE To conduct a prospective study of maldigestion, bone metabolism, and bone mineral density in a group of patients with chronic p...

This paper reviews the interventions to stabilize calcium balance and bone metabolism and prevent bone loss in astronauts during space flight. Weightlessness during space flight results in calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin K deficiency, increases urinary calcium excretion, decreases intestinal calcium absorption, and increases serum calcium level, with decreased levels of serum parathyroid hormon...