Salmincola californiensis is a freshwater parasitic copepod of Pacific salmon and trout (genus Oncorhynchus). While the duration its juvenile life stage – free-swimming copepodid (pictured here) lasts for only about 5 days at 16°C, this short time represents opportunity when members species can seek attach themselves to potential hosts. One way that copepods move in water column by executing se...

Due to existence of uncertainties in input geometrical properties of fractures, there is not any unique solution for assessing the stability of slopes in jointed rock masses. Therefore, the necessity of applying probabilistic analysis in these cases is inevitable. In this study a probabilistic analysis procedure together with relevant algorithms are developed using Discrete Fracture Network-Dis...

1.INTRODUCTION Some forty years ago, most opening supports and reinforcements were designed using empirical rules defining ground loads acting on the supporting structures. This approach is still popular and interest in it has been renewed by the use of rock mass classification systems (Barton et al. 1974, Bieniawski, 1974,1976,1989). Correlations between rock mass conditions and the type of su...

In this research, the effects of torque tightening on the stress distribution in double lap simple bolted and hybrid (bolted-bonded) joints have been investigated numerically. In order to determine the bolt clamping force value due to tightening torque in simple bolted and hybrid joints, which is necessary in numerical simulation, an experimental approach has been proposed. To do so, two kinds ...

Adequate initial bolt preload is necessary to ensure the strength and stiffness of bolted connections. In this study, an experimental torque control method was used determine relationship between tightening nine Extended Hollo-Bolt (EHB) blind connections Concrete-Filled Steel Hollow Sections (CFSHS). order obtain EHB nut factors, which allow calculate level for any value applied torque, versus...