Then two people, traditionally called Alice and Bob, can communicate in privacy even if their messages are being intercepted (e.g., over the internet!). To send a message m ∈ MP , Alice sends m′ = E(m) ∈ MC, and Bob decodes m′ by applying D to it. This assumes that Alice and Bob have decided on D and E, which they usually keep private between themselves. The cryptographer (Cathy) only sees the ...

We study oblivious storage (OS), a natural way to model privacy-preserving data outsourcing where a client, Alice, stores sensitive data at an honest-but-curious server, Bob. We show that Alice can hide both the content of her data and the pattern in which she accesses her data, with high probability, using a method that achieves O(1) amortized rounds of communication between her and Bob for ea...

Bob has a black box that emits a single pure state qudit which is, from his perspective, uniformly distributed. Alice wishes to give Bob evidence that she has knowledge about the emitted state while giving him little or no information about it. We show that zero-knowledge evidencing of such knowledge is impossible in quantum relativistic protocols, extending a previous result of Horodecki, Horo...

The aberrant expression of the B-cell transcription factor PAX5 has been described in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22) in association with B-cell antigen expression. However, the expression of other B cell-associated transcription factors, particularly OCT-2 and its B cell-specific coactivator BOB.1, has not been described in AML. In this study, expression of PAX5,...

A direct secure communication using step-split Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair is presented. Alice will sends one qubit of the EPR pair to Bob first. Then Bob sends a receipt signal to Alice through public channel. Alice performs her encoding operations on the second qubit and sends the qubit to Bob. Bob performs a Bell type measurement to fraw Alice’s information. If Eve want to eavesdrop A...