The observed difference in perceived annoyance caused by train and highway noise at the same averaged noise level, has led to the introduction of the ‘railway bonus’. This bonus has found its way to the noise legislation in many countries, leading to more relaxed restrictions on time averaged noise levels, LAeq. With the introduction of high-speed trains and train-like transportation systems ba...

Legislation imposes insurance companies to project their assets and liabilities in various financial scenarios. Within the setup of with-profit life insurance, we consider retrospective reserves bonus, study projection balances with without policyholder behavior. The resides a system differential equations savings account surplus, behavior options surrender conversion free-policy are included. ...

The board of directors is the head of the supervisor and controller in the organization's system. Since the emergence of widespread changes in the business environment has led organizations to take advantage of diverse specializations and skills, changing the composition of the board and the diversity of vision and perceptual skills in their composition has doubled.One of the indicators o...