Metabolic alkalosis commonly results from excessive hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium (K(+)) and water (H2O) loss from the stomach or through the urine. The plasma anion gap increases in non-hypoproteinemic metabolic alkalosis due to an increased negative charge equivalent on albumin and the free ionized calcium (Ca(++)) content of plasma decreases. The mean citrate load in all patients was 87...

Case Presentation Patient 1 A 23-year-old woman was evaluated for hypertension in 1980. Six years previously an autonomous adenoma had been removed during a parathyroid exploration. At operation, her blood pressure ranged between 120/80 and 130/90 mm Hg. During a routine gynecological examination one year before the evaluation for hypertension, her blood pressure was recorded as 145/90 mm Hg. S...

Jakob Nielsen, Tae-Hwan Kwon, Jørgen Frøkiær, Mark A. Knepper, and Søren Nielsen The Water and Salt Research Center and Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; and Laboratory of Kidney and Electr...

JIN KIM,1 WAN-YOUNG KIM,1 KI-HWAN HAN,1 MARK A. KNEPPER,2 SØREN NIELSEN,3 AND KIRSTEN M. MADSEN4 1Department of Anatomy, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea; 2Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0951; 3Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhu...

The clinical data are presented of two women with profound metabolic upset from exceptional water and electrolyte losses in diarrhoea. One had an islet-cell adenoma of the pancreas and the other abnormal islets. Gastric and pancreatic function were abnormal in both, consistent with the subsequent demonstration of a pancreatic and choleretic secretagogue in the tumour tissue and pancreatic and g...

The relation of adrenal function to hypertension in man is discussed. It is pointed out that hypertension accompanying hyperaldosteronism may recur after removal of the tumor and correction of the electrolyte abnormality. The complex relationship between blood pressure, excretion of sodium loads, total body sodium and aldosterone excretion is emphasized. Results following bilateral adrenalectom...

Although epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption is related to increased blood pressure, the mechanism involved has not been fully understood. In the present study the urinary excretion and intraerythrocyte concentrations of sodium and potassium after alcohol ingestion were measured in 7 young adults. Decreases of urinary excretion of sodium and potassium and an increas...

The relation of adrenal function to hypertension in man is discussed. It is pointed out that hypertension accompanying hyperaldosteronism may recur after removal of the tumor and correction of the electrolyte abnormality. The complex relationship between blood pressure, excretion of sodium loads, total body sodium and aldosterone excretion is emphasized. Results following bilateral adrenalectom...

The circumstances in Colombo, Sri Lanka, and in Belfast, Northern Ireland, which led to a) the generalization of luminescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensing/switching as a design tool, b) the construction of a market-leading blood electrolyte analyzer and c) the invention of molecular logic-based computation as an experimental field, are delineated. Efforts to extend the philosophy...

Acid-base disorders are common clinical problems resulting from a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions, including newly recognised acquired and genetic causes. The history and physical examination and measurement of blood and urinary indices allow identification of the underlying cause of these disorders in most cases. Treatment directed at correction of electrolyte abnormalities and t...