The Rayleigh match, a color match between a mixture of 545+670 nm lights and 589 nm light in modern instruments, is the definitive measurement for the diagnosis of inherited red-green color defects. All trichromats, whether normal or anomalous, have a limited range of 545+670 nm mixtures they perceive to match 589 nm: a typical color-normal match range is about 50-55% of 670 nm in the mixture (...

objectives: the blind and visually disabled people form a predominant group in the disabled society and hence, need greater attention. most of the rehabilitation therapists, especially occupational therapists, do not focus on this group. thus, the aim of the study is to shed light on the issue of negligent attitude of rehabilitation therapists, especially occupational therapists, toward blind a...

background: in this study we sought to investigate clinical findings (with a focus on neurologic effects) and also to analyze outcomes of a series of patients with methanol poisoning admitted to two poisoning treatment centers in tehran, iran. methods: in this prospective cross-sectional study, methanol-poisoned patients admitted to departments of forensic medicine and toxicology of loghman hak...

objectives: the purpose of this study is to describe the experiences of adults with acquired blindness while performing the daily activities of normal life and to investigated the role of environmental factors in this process. methods: a qualitative phenomenological method has been designed for this study. a sample of 22 adults with acquired blindness who were blind for more than 5 years of lif...

A 15-year-old boy with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and end-stage CKD was referred to us for renal replacement therapy. He was previously under follow-up with a paediatric unit. JRA was diagnosed at the age of 3/2 years when he developed polyarthritis and uveitis. He received steroids, sulphasalazine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, calcium supplements (calcium phosphate) and vita...

Mr Massae (not his real name) is a forty-eight year old farmer who recently presented at a tertiary ophthalmology unit in Tanzania with a three-week long history of pain, purulent discharge, and loss of vision in the left eye. Several days after the onset, he had received treatment from his local health centre (chloroamphenicol drops), but his eye continued to get worse. At presentation, he had...

Our Understanding of Childhood Blindness at the Adoption of VISION 2020 in 1999 Magnitude of Childhood Blindness The global initiative—VISION 2020: The Right to Sight—launched in 1999, targeted blindness in children as one of the five priority areas of disease control [1]. Selecting childhood blindness was based on the fact that blindness in childhood can lead to decades of life spent blind and...

Background: Evidence based planning has been the hallmark of the blindness control programme in India. A nationwide survey was undertaken in 1999–2001 to document the magnitude and causes of blindness. Methods: One district each in 15 populous states was covered. 25 clusters were randomly selected in each district and all individuals aged 50 years and above were enumerated. Presenting and best ...

BACKGROUND Globally, blindness is associated with old age and being female. Other sociodemographic and socioeconomic status characteristics associated with blindness have included educational attainment, and occupation. These factors reflect exposure to specific risk factors for blinding eye diseases and utilisation of preventive and curative services by specific sectors of the population. ME...