Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare movement disorder and a member of the 'parkinsonian syndromes', which also include Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Multiple system atrophy is a complex syndrome, in which patients exhibit a variety of signs and symptoms, including parkinsonism, ataxia and ...

To determine the long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of facial dyskinesias we studied 50 consecutive patients with blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and Meige syndrome. All received their first injection between September 1983 and June 1984. A total of 520 injections were given; the average number of injections per patient was 10.4 over the seven-year period ending...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of topical anesthesia with oxybuprocaïne 0.4% without intracameral lidocaïne as an alternative to peribulbar or retrobulbar anesthesia in cataract surgery. METHODS Fifty-eight patients (eighty-two eyes) were included in this study. All patients received topical anesthesia with oxybuprocaïne 0.4%. No intracameral lidocaïne was used at the start of the intervent...

PURPOSE To test the safety and effectiveness of Doxil chemomyectomy in monkey eyelids using treatment schedules and doses similar to those proposed for the human blepharospasm patients in Phase I and II trials. METHODS Bupivacaine/hyaluronidase and Doxil were injected sequentially into the eyelids of five Cynomolgus monkeys. Eyelids received 1, 2, or 3 sets of injections. The monkeys were eut...

PURPOSE To analyze the ocular wavefront aberrations in patients with facial dystonia treated with botulinum toxin A. METHODS Patients with benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in activity underwent slit lamp examination and bilateral wavefront analysis under pharmacologic mydriasis using Alcon LADARvision wavefront aberrometry system. After that, all patients were treated with ...

Differential eyelid conditioning to stimulus compounds as a function of temporal relations between stimuli.Differential eyelid conditioning to stimulus compounds as a function of temporal relations between stimuli." ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express appreciation to Professor Louis Price who directed this investigation for his sustained and helpful efforts. A note of gratitude is also...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168652.].

AIM To confirm and compare the therapeutic efficacies and adverse effects of Chinese botulinum toxin type A (CBTX-A, Lanzhou Biological Products Institute, China) and current Botox (Allergan Inc., CA, USA) in the treatment of blepharospasm (BS) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed an open, prospective, comparative trial comparing CBTX-A and Botox for the treatment of ...

OBJECTIVE To study the reliability of the diagnosis of blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, cervical dystonia, and writer's cramp among neurologists. METHODS 12 patients with adult onset focal segmental dystonia were videotaped in a standardised way. The tape was sent to six neurologists who are involved in clinical practice without a specific interest in movement disorders (general neurolo...

INTRODUCTION We describe the results of 15 patients suffering from essential blepharospasm with apraxia of eyelid opening who underwent frontalis suspension surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with apraxia of eyelid opening and unresponsive to botulinum toxin injections were studied. Bilateral frontalis suspension surgery was performed (sling operation) using polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-...