In a dynamic contest where it is costly to compete, a player who is behind must decide whether to surrender or to keep fighting in the face of bleak odds. We experimentally examine the game theoretic prediction of last stand behavior in a multi-battle contest with a winning prize and losing penalty, as well as the contrasting prediction of surrendering in the corresponding contest with no penal...

P ulmonary hypertension (PH) is classified into five logical treatment-based groups [1]. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represents the first of these five groups and is further classified as idiopathic (predisposing factors having been excluded), familial or as occurring in association with certain conditions, including connective tissue disease, congenital heart disease and HIV infectio...

At current rates of progress, sub-Saharan Africa will not achieve any of the millennium development goals. In health, the situation is especially bleak, with little or no substantive progress since 1990. All key health indicators are at much worse levels than those in any other of the world’s developing regions (with the exception of malnutrition in children under 5 in South Asia, but there the...

Despite intensive clinical and laboratory research and effort, Glioblastoma remains the most common and invariably lethal primary cancer of the central nervous system. The identification of stem cell and lineage-restricted progenitor cell populations within the adult human brain in conjunction with the discovery of stem-like cells derived from gliomas which are themselves tumorigenic and have b...

CONVENTIONAL treatment of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy has focused on the use of diuretic, inotropic, and vasodilator drugs. Despite the development of new vasodilators and inotropic agents, the bleak prognosis for these patients has changed little. An innovative and somewhat radical approach to the therapy of dilated cardiomyopathy was reported in 1975 by Waagstein et al. l in Goteborg...

"^"^ Then today's students complete %/%/ their schooling, many of them T T will be functionally illiterate, unprepared to participate in or guide our scienceand technology-oriented soci ety. This situation, though bleak, is hardly surprising. More than 200 national reports on science education have described the current curriculum as obsolete. "In a great many cases, precollege education in the...

build enterprise-scale distributed systems. Within this esoteric technology domain, it’s all too easy to hold up our hands and declare that the outlook is bleak for any kind of consensus on the direction distributed systems will take. Enterprise application integration issues, the nuances of competing middleware products from lots of vendors, and several overlapping standards activities all con...

Introduction It is a decade since this bleak view of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) management in the United Kingdom appeared in the BMJ. Since then a theme to emerge in sexually transmitted disease (STD) research has been increased awareness of genital chlamydial infection, which causes a substantial proportion of PID cases. In the United Kingdom, this culminated in the Chief Medical OYcer’...

Till now, the best defense against phishing is the use of two-factor authentication systems. Yet this protection is short-lived and comparatively weak. The absence of a fool-proof solution against Man-inthe-Middle, or Active Phishing, attacks have resulted in an avalanche of security practitioners painting bleak scenarios where Active Phishing attacks cripple the growth of web-based transaction...

This paper argues that corpus stylistics can contribute methodologies and concepts to support the investigation of character information in fiction. Focusing on Charles Dickens, the paper looks at lexicogrammatical patterns as well as places in the literary text. It suggests that clusters, i.e. repeated sequences of words, and suspensions, i.e. interruptions of charactersÿ speech by the narrato...