BACKGROUND Normal urinary bladder function requires bidirectional molecular communication between urothelium, detrusor smooth muscle and sensory neurons and one of the key mediators involved in this intercellular signaling is ATP. Ectonucleotidases dephosphorylate nucleotides and thus regulate ligand exposure to P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors. Little is known about the role of these enzymes i...

Bladder cancer holds a steady 10th place among oncological diseases. Follow-up and timely diagnosis of recurrence progression bladder are still based on regular but outdated cystoscopy followed by cytological examination. To reduce the number procedures, new reliable biomarkers for predicting tumor behavior must be developed. The aim this study was to confirm our previous results that demonstra...

hydroalcoholic extract of pycnocycla spinosa is a relaxant of rat ileum and inhibits diarrhea in mice. as p. spinosa extract has spasmolytic activity on ileum, it could also affect other smooth muscles like bladder. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of p. spinosa extract on rat bladder contraction. in an in vitro study, the effects of p. spinosa extract, nifedipine an...

breast cancer is the most common cancer in women except skin cancer. the common metastatic sites include lymph node, lung, liver and bone. however, metastasis to the bladder is extremely rare. to our knowledge, this is the first case of breast cancer metastasis to urinary bladder in jordan which is reported. nine years after the initial diagnosis of lobular breast carcinoma, the patient suffere...

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creative-commons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution , and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Optogenetics is a promising new field of research being applied in the treatment of vario...

bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. recently, numerous studies demonstrated that micrornas are emerging as diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer. specific mirna profiles have been identified for several samples from patients with bladder cancer. micrornas are noncoding rna molecules of approximately 23 nucleotides that play important roles...

Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by vague bladder pain and nonspecific urinary symptoms, such as urgency and frequency. Although it was initially considered to be a rare condition, its prevalence has significantly increased, possibly because of different definitions used and greater physician awareness. Because of the...

Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) are ideally suited for demonstrating urachal remnant diseases. A patent urachus is demonstrated at longitudinal US and occasionally at CT as a tubular connection between the anterosuperior aspect of the bladder and the umbilicus. An umbilical-urachal sinus manifests at US as a thickened tubular structure along the midline below the umbilicus. A ...