Background: The aim was to evaluate the benefit of technical advances for treatment planning: introduction of a hydrogel spacer, VMAT (volumetric modulated arc therapy) and a single biological organ at risk objective for the rectum and bladder. Initial standard was a step-and-shoot IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy) without a spacer and conventional organ at risk objectives.  Material...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this work tries to evaluate the utility of the qualitative determination of NMP-22 in the evaluation of the superficial bladder carcinoma in asymptomatic patients, comparing it with its quantitative determination, the cytology and the cystoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A simple of urine just voided was taken in 88 asymptomatic patient follow-up for superficial bladder cel...

Brachytherapy plays an important role in the definitive treatment of cervical cancers by radiotherapy. In the present study, we investigated whether sliding-window intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) can achieve a pear-shaped distribution with a similar sharp dose falloff identical to that of brachytherapy. The computed tomography scans of a tandem and ovoid patient were pushed to both...

Uterus, bladder and rectum are the maximally exposed organs during cervical cancer radiotherapy and are at high risk of radiation exposure. Estimation of dose accumulation in these organs across multiple fractions of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT) is extremely challenging due to structural mis-correspondences and complex anatomical deformations between the EBRT and BT ...

BACKGROUND CT based brachytherapy allows 3-dimensional (3D) assessment of organs at risk (OAR) doses with dose volume histograms (DVHs). The purpose of this study was to compare computed tomography (CT) based volumetric calculations and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) reference-point estimates of radiation doses to the bladder and rectum in patients with carc...

RATIONALE Recently, drug-related myasthenia gravis (MG) has received attention, because the number of reported cases involving MG associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, a new immunotherapy, is increasing. We present a case involving the new onset of MG, in which the symptoms started shortly after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for bladder cancer. PATIENT CONCERNS A 69-year...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility of 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in the adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy of the vaginal cuff and upper third of present vaginal tissue. METHODS The representative patient (FIGO IB; PH: squamous cell carcinoma) was referred for adjuvant post-hysterectomy radiotherapy. A whole pelvis irradiation with concomitant high-...

Hypothesis / aims of study Several antimuscarinic agents with high-bladder selectivity have been developed and commonly used for treating overactive bladder (OAB). The problem of antimuscarinics, however, is anticholinergic-based side effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, and tachycardia, and still remains to be fully solved. Recent studies have revealed that antimuscarinic agents exert the...

introduction: the relation between patient body mass index (bmi) and the external dose rate of thyroid cancer patients treated with 131i has been investigated. methods: a total of 183 patients treated with 131i were selected randomly and divided according to their administrated activity into three groups: 3.7gbq, 5.5gbq and 7.4gbq. they were also stratified into three groups according to their...

BACKGROUND Increased spasms in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients, whose spasticity was previously well controlled with intrathecal baclofen therapy, are due to (in order of frequency) drug tolerance, increased stimulus, low reservoir volume, catheter malfunction, disease progression, human error, and pump mechanical failure. We present a SCI patient, in whom bladder calculi acted as red herring...