Pigeons' choice between reliable (100%) and unreliable (50%) reinforcement was studied using a concurrent-chains procedure. Initial links were fixed-ratio 1 schedules, and terminal links were equal fixed-time schedules. The duration of the terminal links was varied across conditions. The terminal link on the reliable side always ended in food; the terminal link on the unreliable side ended with...

In this paper, we observe that bandwidth sharing via TCP in commodity data center networks organized in multi-rooted tree topologies can lead to severe unfairness, which we term as the TCP Outcast problem, under many common traffic patterns. When many flows and a few flows arrive at two ports of a switch destined to one common output port, the small set of flows lose out on their throughput sha...

Parallel Power System Restoration (PPSR) accelerates the restoration of a system in complete blackout by restoring isolated sections (islands) of the network in parallel. These islands are defined during the preparation stage of PPSR using a sectionalising strategy that considers system information collected after the blackout and must satisfy multiple PPSR constraints. This paper introduces a ...

The restoration process of the bulk-power transmission system following a partial or a total blackout, have two main issues during a restoration, those are voltage control and frequency control. Special attention is therefore given to the behaviour of network parameters, control equipments as they affect the voltage and frequency regulation during the restoration process. During restoration due...

Power grids, throughout the world, are operated as large interconnected networks to ensure reliability of supply in an economic way. The interconnected nature of power network makes it vulnerable and sometimes even a small disturbance in the grid may propagate and result in a blackout. Investigations into major blackouts of the decade in the world have identified inadequate monitoring of the dy...

Binge drinking has significant effects on memory, particularly with regards to the transfer of information to long-term storage. Partial or complete blocking of memory formation is known as blackout. Youth represents a critical period in brain development that is particularly vulnerable to alcohol misuse. Animal models show that the adolescent brain is more vulnerable to the acute and chronic e...

Experimental parameters were adjusted so that pigeons' pairwise choices among three alternatives reflected the following order of preference: (a) a smaller-sooner reinforcer, (b) a larger-later reinforcer, and (c) the smaller-sooner reinforcer followed by a punishment (consisting of an extended blackout period). After this order of preference was established, the pigeons were exposed to a two-l...

This paper demonstrates the use of a slow coherency based generator grouping algorithm and a graph theoretic approach to form controlled islands as a last resort to prevent cascading outages following large disturbances. The proposed technique is applied to a 30,000-bus, 5000-generator, 2004 summer peak load, Eastern Interconnection data and demonstrated on the August 14, 2003 blackout scenario...

The Internet is one of the important infrastructures in our daily life, and its highly distributed and autonomous natures have been said to be robust against failures. This paper reports an impact of an unexpectedly large earthquake (M9.0) hit to the northern part of Japan at 14:46:18 on 11th March (UTC+9), 2011(the East Japan Earthquake) [2] on a nationwide research and education network (SINE...

UDP traffic is a part of the aggregate traffic over InterPlaNetary Internet backbone links, which includes planet images and multimedia data from some scientific observations. Existing rate control schemes cannot solve the rate control problem in InterPlaNetary Internet which is characterized by extremely long propagation delays, high link errors, asymmetrical bandwidth, and blackouts. In this ...