——A Bismuth-doped ber amplier (BDFA) in a double-pass conguration is proposed and demonstrated. The BDFA consists of a Bismuth-doped phosphogermanosilicate (BiPGeSiO2) ber pumped by a Titanium––Sapphire source at 810 nm. The BDFA has an amplied spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum with a 3-dB bandwidth from 1220 to 1490 nm. The maximum gain of the proposed BDFA is 2.0 dB at an input signal ...

A mechanistic study to provide diagnostics of anodic stripping electrode processes at bismuth-film electrodes is presented from both theoretical and experimental points of view. Theoretical models for three types of electrode mechanisms are developed under conditions of square-wave voltammetry, combining rigorous modeling based on integral equations and the step function method, resulting in de...

A “wet chemistry” approach for isolation of At from an irradiated bismuth target is described. The approach involves five steps: (1) dissolution of bismuth target in conc. HNO3; (2) removal of the HNO3 by distillation; (3) dissolution of residue in 8 M HCl; (4) extraction of At from 8 M HCl into DIPE; and (5) extraction of At from DIPE into NaOH. Results from 55 “optimized” At isolation runs ga...

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3), a new topological insulator, has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its relatively simple band structure and large bulk band gap. Compared to bulk, few-layer Bi2Se3 is recently considered as a highly promising material. Here, we use a liquid-phase exfoliation method to prepare few-layer Bi2Se3 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or chitosan acetic solution. The r...

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a promising material for photoelectrochemical water splitting and photocatalytic degradation of organic moieties. We evaluate the ionization potentials of the (010) surface termination of BiVO4 using first-principles simulations. The electron removal energy of the pristine termination (7.2 eV) validates recent experimental reports. The effect of water absorption on t...

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) nanostructures were synthesized via solvothermal method. The crystallinity of the as-synthesized sample has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, which shows the formation of rhombohedral Bi2Se3. Electron microscopy examination indicates that the Bi2Se3 nanoparticles have hexagonal flake-like shape. The effect of the synthesis temperature on the morphology of the Bi2Se3 ...

The success of the current anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment protocols is reported to decrease by years, and research is needed to strengthen the H. pylori eradication treatment. Sequential treatment (ST), one of the treatment modalities for H. pylori eradication, includes amoxicillin 1 gr b.i.d and proton pump inhibitor b.i.d for first 5 days and then includes clarithromycin 500 m...

The effects of a bismuth surfactant layer on the molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs and InxGa12xAs layers on GaAs ~001! were studied. The InxGa12xAs surface reconstruction changed from arsenic stabilized 234 to bismuth stabilized 133 for high enough bismuth fluxes and low enough substrate temperatures. Maintaining a bismuth stabilized surface during InxGa12xAs growth resulted in a larger number of ...

Helicobacter pylori is susceptible to many antimicrobials, but clinically only a few are effective. Two antimicrobials with bismuth or ranitidine or a proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole are required to achieve a cure rate of >90% and to avoid resistance, which occurs when clarithromycin or metronidazole is the single antimicrobial used. Bismuth plus metronidazole and tetracycline is effec...