seed reserves are controlled by genetic and environmental condition such as nutrition, temperature, drought stress and light intensity. strong seedling will produce from seeds with high reserves. therefore, in this work that conducted in pot, field(in tabriz university) and lab(in shahrood university of technology) experiments, effect of pre-anthesis nitrogen application and a drought stress du...

Abstract In the Russian Federation, protection category “Zapovednik” represents a strictly protected area, where access is restricted and aim to keep area “ forever wild ”. We provide an overview about organization of these nature reserves highlight their contribution fundamental research. Aquatic ecosystems in zapovedniks pristine sites great importance for long-term monitoring research, which...

In this paper, we consider the case for an intraday market for reserves. We discuss the separate roles of intraday and overnight reserves and argue that an intraday market could be organized in the same way as the overnight market. We present arguments for and against a market for intraday reserves when the marginal cost of overnight reserves is positive. We also consider how reserves should be...

Southern Africa. We assessed quantile mapping strengths and weaknesses in climate downscaling based on global models projections. An ensemble of methods is used: six using parametric transformations, three with non-parametric transformations one method theoretical distributions transformations. Seventeen indices related to precipitation are applied the locations 15 UNESCO biosphere reserves. Th...

The paper is devoted to optimization of reserves and reliability level. The four approaches presented will need deeper scientific research. 1. The sum of reserves’ costs and losses of consumers is minimized to the determination of optimal reserves. 2. Two-stage approach: 2.1. The sum of reserves’ costs and consumers’ losses is minimized to the determination of optimal requirements for reliabili...

The unprecedented challenges of creating Biosphere 2, the world's first laboratory for biospherics, the study of global ecology and long-term closed ecological system dynamics, led to breakthrough developments in many fields, and a deeper understanding of the opportunities and difficulties of material closure. This paper will review accomplishments and challenges, citing some of the key researc...