20 21 Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) is the major by-product of bioethanol and distillery 22 plants. Due to its high content of proteins, water-soluble vitamins and minerals, DDGS has been 23 long marketed as animal feed for livestock. EU legislation on liquid biofuels could raise the 24 demand on bioethanol production in Europe, with a resulting increase in DDGS availability. 25...

In natural world, lignin is unique and the most abundant renewable carbon source after cellulose, therefore, more applications of adding commercial value of lignin are needed. Polylactic acid (PLA), which has the second highest consumption of bioplastic in the world, is a biodegradable composite with widely application in industry. A filler adding into PLA can decrease the cost of the composite...

• Enzymes combined with artificial membranes in biorefinery promote process intensification. The use of MBRs permit enzymes re-use and increased stability. removal enzyme inhibitors continuous operation. MBR biofuels, phytotherapics food ingredients production was analyzed. In this review, for the first time, conjugation major types used biorefineries membrane processes to develop different con...

BACKGROUND Biorefineries serve to efficiently utilize biomass and their by-products. Algal biorefineries are designed to generate bioproducts for commercial use. Due to the high carbohydrate content of algal biomass, biorefinery to generate biofuels, such as bioethanol, is of great interest. Carrageenan is a predominant polysaccharide hydrocolloid found in red macroalgae and is widely used in f...

BACKGROUND Infrastructure compatible hydrocarbon biofuel proposed to qualify as renewable transportation fuel under the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) is evaluated. The process uses a hybrid poplar feedstock, which undergoes dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Sugars are fermented to acetic acid, which undergoes conversion to ...

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Hanna Hörhammer Name of the doctoral dissertation A larch biorefinery producing pulp and lactic acid Publisher School of Chemical Technology Unit Department of Forest Products Technology Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 143/2014 Field of research Biorefineries Manuscript submitted 6 June 2014 D...

Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth, right after cellulose, with a highly complex chemical structure that hinders its possible utilizations. As a consequence, it is mostly burned as an inexpensive resource, generating green electricity or heat that in turn can be used for the deconstruction of biomass itself. Applications that utilize lignin in different manners are of great ...

a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga,43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia b Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Division, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Food and Bioproduct Processing University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malays...

In this study, Gracilaria verrucosa, red seaweed has been used for production of agar and bioethanol. The algae harvested at various time durations resulted in extraction of ~27-33% agar. The leftover pulp was found to contain ~62-68% holocellulose, which on enzymatic hydrolysis yielded 0.87 g sugars/g cellulose. The enzymatic hydrolysate on fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced e...

Bio-based fuels are the most promising and ecological alternatives to fossil fuels. Sustainable technologies are being developed and applied to biofuel production in order to minimize the costs and the environmental impacts of the system. Wastes produced from ethanol plant have been concerned ethanol producers and environmental protectors due to the negative environmental impacts caused. Challe...