Phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is under control of several endocrine factors that play effects on bone, kidney and intestine. The control of Pi homeostasis has a significant biological importance, as it relates to numerous cellular mechanisms involved in energy metabolism, cell signaling, nucleic acid synthesis, membrane function, as well as skeletal health and integrity. Pi is essential for divers...

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is essential for injury repair. Despite high HGF levels in chronic ulcers, up-regulation of HGF receptor in ulcer tissue and decreased biological activity of HGF in ulcer secretions have been observed. With a surface plasmon resonance-based method, we assessed the binding of HGF to antibodies, receptors, and the basement membrane and identified binding interaction...

Although evolutionary biology is replete with explanations for complex biological structures, scientists concerned about evolution education have been forced to confront "intelligent design" (ID), which rejects a natural origin for biological complexity. The content of ID is a subset of the claims made by the older "creation science" movement. Both creationist views contend that highly complex ...

Through real-life experiments, it has been proved that spoofing is a practical threat to applications using the free civil service provided by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In this paper, we demonstrate a prototype that can verify the integrity of GNSS civil signals. By integrity we intuitively mean that civil signals originate from a GNSS satellite without having been artificiall...

Identifying and protecting the trusted computing base (TCB) of a system is an important task, which is typically performed by designing and enforcing a system security policy and verifying whether an existing policy satisfies security objectives. To efficiently support these, an intuitive and cognitive policy analysis mechanism is desired for policy designers or security administrators due to t...

Stanford’s Integrity Beacon Landing System uses ground-based pseudo-satellite transmitters known as Integrity Beacons to resolve carrier phase ambiguities on final approach, giving IBLS both high integrity and centimeter-level accuracy. This paper discusses two improved Integrity Beacon designs and the results of flight tests with these new beacons. The original Integrity Beacons were not synch...

A bacterial cell wall is a highly dynamic multilayer structure interfacing the cytoplasm to the outside environment. It supports a multitude of chemical and biological processes necessary for life. It is therefore postulated that damage to the structure of bacterial cell wall would threaten cell integrity and result in cell death. We tested this hypothesis by repeatedly puncturing the cell wall...

semen quality and its relationship to fertility are major concern in animal production. the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between frozen thawed sperm characteristics and fertility following in vivo fertility through artificial insemination(ai). semen samples were collected from four buffalo bulls. semen volume and sperm concentration appeared to be significantly different (p0...