Botrytis-induced kinase1 (BIK1), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, plays an important role in resistance against pathogens and insects in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it remains unknown whether BIK1 functions against Plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate biotrophic protist that attacks cruciferous plants and induces gall formation on roots. Here, we investigated the potential roles of recep...

The use of hyperspectral approaches for early detection of plant stress caused by Venturia inaequalis (apple scab) was investigated to move towards more efficient and reduced application of pesticides, fertilizers or other crop management treatments in apple orchards. Apple leaves of the resistant cultivar,Rewena and the susceptible cultivar,Braeburn, were artificially inoculated with conidia o...

In the past, we showed that local infection of tobacco leaves with either tobacco mosaic virus or oilseed rape mosaic virus (ORMV) resulted in a systemic increase in the homologous recombination frequency (HRF). Later on, we showed that a similar phenomenon occurs in Arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with ORMV. Here, we tested whether the time of removing the infected leaves as well as viral...

Background: Using Brucella abortus Strain 19 (S19) to control bovine brucellosis is restricted due to induce antibodies to the O-side chain of the smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which may be difficult to differentiate vaccinated and infected animals. Furthermore, it is virulent for humans and can induce abortion to cattle. Objectives: The aim of...

Three seasonal ornamental plants, namely Petunia hybrida, Callistephus chinensis and Impatiens balsamina, were tested for their response to inoculation with mixed indigenous AM culture when grown on a marginal wasteland amended with organic matter. Subsequently, the treatments consisting of AM inoculations were compared with those consisting of recommended chemical fertilizers in terms of growt...

abstract biofertilizers are one of the main sources to supply nutrient elements for plants in sustainable agriculture. in order to evaluate the effects of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on cumin (cuminum cyminum) as a medicinal plant a field experiment was conducted in the research farm of faculty of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad in a randomized complete block design with...

Twenty isolates of Trichoderma harzianum wereisolated from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio plants from different localities of Kerman Province, Iran.Five isolates with high antagonistic activity in in vitro assays against Verticillium dahliae (the causal agent of pistachio wilt), were investigated for their effect on the defense enzymes, peroxidase (PO), phenyl alanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) ...

Two different motifs in the coat protein (CP) of Plum pox virus (PPV) (R(3015)Q(3016), D(3059)) were mutated by replacing the respective amino acids with others possessing different chemical properties. The mutated CP genes were introduced into an infectious full-length clone of PPV (p35PPV-NAT) to investigate their influence on systemic infection of transgenic wild-type PPV CP-expressing and n...