There is a pressing need to improve the water-use efficiency of rain-fed and irrigated crop production. Breeding crop varieties with higher water-use efficiency is seen as providing part of the solution. Three key processes can be exploited in breeding for high water-use efficiency: (i) moving more of the available water through the crop rather than it being wasted as evaporation from the soil ...

The Japanese weatherloaeh (Misgmnus anguillicaudatus Cantor) can exchange gases both with water, via gills and skin, and with air, via the posterior region of the alimentary canal (intestine). Air breathing occurs by unidirectional ventilation of the alimentary canal with air taken in at the mouth and simultaneous expulsion of intestinal gas from the vent. Although the weatherloaeh is not an ob...

Methods The study was performed on 183 patients underwent abdominal surgery (duration 6-9 hours). Were assessed central hemodynamics, gas exchange, temperature and nutrition state for the nutrition support. The nutritional support has based on monitored nutritional status. Depending on energy metabolism pattern defined by biochemical tests, patients were divided on 4 groups: group 1 enzymic ene...

Leaf vein traits are implicated in the determination of gas exchange rates and plant performance. These traits are increasingly considered as causal factors affecting the 'leaf economic spectrum' (LES), which includes the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis, dark respiration, foliar nitrogen concentration, leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and leaf longevity. This article reviews the support for ...

Tattersall GJ, Currie S, LeBlanc DM. Pulmonary and cutaneous O2 gas exchange: a student laboratory exercise in the frog. Adv Physiol Educ 37: 97–105, 2013; doi:10.1152/advan.00087.2012.— Gas exchange in animals is ultimately diffusion based, generally occurring across dedicated respiratory organs. In many aquatic amphibians, however, multiple modes of gas exchange exist, allowing for the partit...

Mosses are an understudied group of plants that can potentially confirm or expand principles of plant function described for tracheophytes, from which they diverge strongly in structure. We quantified 35 physiological and morphological traits from cell-, leaf- and canopy-level, for 10 ground-, trunk- and branch-dwelling Hawaiian species. We hypothesized that trait values would reflect the disti...

To reveal the effects of ploidy level and haplotype on photosynthetic traits, we chose 175 genotypes of wild strawberries belonging to two haplotypes at two types of ploidy levels (diploidy and tetraploidy) and measured photosynthetic traits. Our results revealed that ploidy significantly affected the characteristics of light-response curves, CO2-response curves, and leaf gas exchange parameter...