3D ordered silver nanoshells silica photonic crystal beads as a novel encoded surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate are proposed for the development of highly efficient multiplex bioassays.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the residual action of insecticides acetamiprid + etofenprox, spinetoram, indoxacarb and methoxyfenozide on predator Chrysoperla externa Hagen, 1861 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). bioassays followed methodologies proposed by International Organization for Biological Integrated Control (IOBC). were sprayed grapevine plants cv. Burgundy, using maximum recommende...

Abstract Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the most destructive pests stored products. Although there have been studies on potential use essential oils from plants in Artemisia genus as insecticides, no comprehensive bioactivity data are available efficacy vulgaris L. (Asterales: Asteraceae) oil and its chemical constituents stored-product pests. Therefore, this...

A reliable bioassay procedure was developed to test ingested Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins on the rice delphacid Tagosodes orizicolus. Initially, several colonies were established under greenhouse conditions, using rice plants to nurture the insect. For the bioassay, an in vitro feeding system was developed for third to fourth instar nymphs. Insects were fed through Parafilm membranes on s...