H.j CHAKRAVARTI (School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta) Streptomycin, when parenterally administered, is partially excreted and concentrated in the bile (Zintel ct ai, 1945), and in this way it can be effectively used in any infection of the biliary tract by streptomycin-sensitive organisms. In the transient jaundice of infective hepatitis, a viral infection, streptomycin is of no use. But in t...

Reference material: • Zachary & McGavin: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 5 edition (2012), chapter 8, pp 405-453. • Maxie: Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals, 5 ed. (2007) vol. 2, chapter 2, pp 298-388. • Kumar, Abbas, Fausto and Aster: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8 ed. (2010), chapter 18, pp 833-890. • Meuten: Tumors in domestic animals, 4 ed. (2...

The production of bile is an essential function of the liver. It contains cholesterol, bile acids, pigments and electrolytes, and their concentration is modified when the bile transits through the biliary tract. The bile is produced by the hepatocytes and is secreted into the bile canaliculi. These canaliculi are delineated by the apical membrane of the hepatocytes and are connected to the netw...

OBJECTIVES Biliary injuries are frequently accompanied by vascular injuries, which may worsen the bile duct injury and cause liver ischemia. We performed an analytical review with the aim of defining vasculobiliary injury and setting out the important issues in this area. METHODS A literature search of relevant terms was performed using OvidSP. Bibliographies of papers were also searched to o...

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the outcomes of our patients who were subjected LT for iatrogenic bile duct injury. Methods: all underwent treatment complications biliary injury included in study. Medical records and study protocols these retrospectively analyzed determine demographic clinical characteristics, treatment, outcome patients. Results: a total 846 liver transplants performed, 12 (1.4%...

The presence of a stone or stones within the common bile duct (CBD) is known as choledocholithiasis. Choledocholithiasis is reported in 3%-22% of patients undergoing cholecystectomies [1]. A confirmatory diagnosis of choledocholithiasis is made using advanced imaging, including magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Treatment varie...

BACKGROUND New treatment methods for calculus disease of the biliary tract offer options that can benefit a variety of patients. Laparoscopic surgery, for example, has revolutionized biliary surgery and is now the preferred approach for the majority of patients. METHODS Using the key words "biliary tract," "calculus disease," and "cholecystectomy," MEDLINE files were searched from 1982 to the...

The clinical significance and virulence potential of Enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens and Enterococcus gallinarum are still uncertain. We retrospectively analyzed 56 cases of significant bacteremia caused by E. casseliflavus or E. gallinarum. Of these cases, 25 (44.6%) were associated with polymicrobial bacteremia, and 43 (76.8%) were associated with entry via the biliary tract. Resistance...

OPINION STATEMENT A paradigm shift towards molecular-based, personalized cancer therapeutics has occurred in recent years and a number of targeted drugs have emerged. Various targeted therapies like erlotinib, trastuzumab, and cetuximab have been approved in lung, breast, and colon cancers, respectively. Numerous clinical trials involving targeted drugs in biliary tract cancers are currently in...

In most of the cases, pancreatic cancer and malignancies of the bile tract can only be treated palliatively. Endoscopy offers several methods for effective control of the symptoms in those situations. In pancreatic cancer, stenting of bile ducts enables a control of jaundice most of the time. Stenting of an obstructed duodenum can relieve symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction without the need ...