Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC), inflammation of the gallbladder without evidence of calculi, comprises approximately 10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis. Although the mechanism of AAC has not yet been sufficiently clarified, the most commonly postulated theories regarding its pathogenesis are bile stasis, sepsis and ischemia. We present a case of AAC associated with ischemia of the ga...

BACKGROUND Serum bile acid concentrations (SBA) and a histopathological biopsy score [Equine Vet J 35 (2003) 534] are used prognostically in equine hepatic disease. HYPOTHESIS Histopathologic features and scores, but not SBA, differ between survivors and nonsurvivors and correlate with histopathologic evidence of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. ANIMALS Retrospective study. Records (1999-...

Portal biliopathy is the complex of abnormalities of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts, cystic duct, and gallbladder, arising as a result of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and noncirrhotic portal fibrosis, which can be caused by coagulopathies, tumors, inflammation, postoperative complications, dehydration, and neonatal umbilical vein catheterization. We report a case of a 55-year-...

One should never sleep during day-time after eating. Such sleep excites phlegm and bile and brings on such diseases as jaundice, painful headaches, languor and unsteadiness, as also heaviness of the limbs, loss of lightness of the body, loss of appetite, dropsical swellings, hiccough, inflammation of the Schneiderian membrane, loss of memory and intelligence, hemicrania, urticaria evanida, erup...

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This special issue of PPAR Research is dedicated to " PPARs, RXRs and Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ". Knowledge of PPAR biology, over the past five years, has dramatically increased our...

BACKGROUND Metabolic abnormalities are common in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the biochemical details and underlying mechanisms of these disorders have not been defined. METHODS Untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma was performed for 32 HIV patients with low nadir CD4 counts (<300 cells/ul) on protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART and 20 healthy controls usin...

Background: Cholestasis is a multifaceted disease that influences not only the function of liver but also affects many other organs. In this context, cholestasis-induced lung injury significant clinical complication. Unfortunately, there no precise therapeutic option against cholestasis-associated injury. It has been revealed oxidative stress and inflammatory response play role in pulmonary dam...