Fusion variations of the pancreatic ducts were studied to elucidate the significance of such variations. We classified structural fusion anomalies of the main and accessory pancreatic ducts on endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) in 37 patients with anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system (AAPB). The fusion variations of the pancreatic ducts were classifi...

Portal biliopathy is a morphological abnormality of the biliary ductal and gallbladder wall associated with portal hypertension. A patient with essential thrombocythemia was initially diagnosed with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO). The contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) findings were similar to those of cholangiocarcinoma or sclerosing cholangitis. However, color Doppler an...

Fasciola hepatica, a liver fluke, is a causative agent of fascioliasis in mammals (sheep, cattle, goat, ox and other ruminants, pig, hare rabbit, beaver, elephant, dog, cat and kangaroo). In the unusual hosts, such as man and the horse, the fluke may be found in the lungs, under skin or other situations. The parasite Fasciola hepatica is a hermaphroditic trematode, which is particularly common ...

The first endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 1968. It is an endoscopic technique in which a specialised sideviewing upper endoscope (duodenoscope) is guided into the second part of the duodenum. A catheter can be passed through the instrument channel to cannulate the bile and/or pancreatic ducts with the help of a bridge at the tip of the duodenoscope. The bi...

The gall bladder and ducts exert opposite influences upon the bile. The ducts fail to concentrate and thicken it with mucus as the bladder does, but dilute it slightly with a thin secretion of their own that is colorless and devoid of cholates even when the organism is heavily jaundiced. The fluid may readily be collected into a rubber bag connected with an isolated duct segment. It continues t...

Feline liver disease usually involves Zone 1 (portal triad region) and focuses on components of the biliary system (bile ductules, bile ducts, common bile duct, pancreatic ducts, gallbladder). Inflammatory effacement of the limiting plate (hepatocytes surrounding the portal triad) and associated apoptotic or necrolytic hepatocyte death is uncommon without involvement of biliary structures. The ...

Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become a gold standard in treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis, it is associated with higher risk of intraoperative lesions and primarily lesions of biliary ducts. In small percentage of cases biliary fistulas occur, most commonly after leakage from cystic duct stump or accessory bile ducts - Luschka's duct. We report of a patient who had episodes of...

In most of the cases, pancreatic cancer and malignancies of the bile tract can only be treated palliatively. Endoscopy offers several methods for effective control of the symptoms in those situations. In pancreatic cancer, stenting of bile ducts enables a control of jaundice most of the time. Stenting of an obstructed duodenum can relieve symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction without the need ...

Since diseases of the liver and bile ducts are common, a clinician is faced by the need to implement an appropriate diagnostic process. It is necessary to apply diagnostic methods that enable appropriate assessment of the most common pathologies of the liver, i.e. fibrosis, steatosis and focal lesions, as well as initial assessment of the bile ducts. These goals can be achieved using ultrasound...

Ductal cysts. Choledochal cysts: a congenital dilatation of part or whole of the common bile duct. See separate article Choledochal Cysts. Cysts related to Caroli's disease: Caroli's disease is the combination of cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts and infantile polycystic kidney disease. It has autosomal recessive inheritance. It can present with fever, abdominal pain and recurren...