A hair plate is present on the proximal anterior face of the pro- and mesothoracic tibiae of the legs of the locust Schistocerca gregaria, but not on the metathoracic legs. The hair plate is in a depression of the cuticle and contains about 11 hairs, which are all polarised with their tips pointing towards the dorsal surface of the tibia. The hairs are all of the same trichoid sensilla type and...

We study topological aspects of defect modes for a family operators ????(t), obtained as Schrödinger operator P 0 perturbed by phase t between -? and +?: dislocation. When t=? the dislocation is adiabatic, Fefferman, Lee-Thorp Weinstein showed that conical degeneracies bifurcate to ????(?).

Plant root hairs increase the root surface to enhance the uptake of sparingly soluble and immobile nutrients, such as the essential nutrient phosphorus, from the soil. Here, root hair traits and the response to scarce local phosphorus concentration were studied in 166 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana using split plates. Root hair density and length were correlated, but highly variable among a...

Animals can expend energy to acquire sensory information by emitting signals and/or moving sensory structures. We propose that the energy from locomotion itself could permit control of a sensor, whereby animals use the energy from movement to reconfigure a passive sensor. We investigated high-speed, antenna-mediated tactile navigation in the cockroach Periplaneta americana. We discovered that t...

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in stress signaling to the actin cytoskeleton in yeast and animals. We have analyzed the function of the stress-activated alfalfa MAP kinase SIMK in root hairs. In epidermal cells, SIMK is predominantly nuclear. During root hair formation, SIMK was activated and redistributed from the nucleus into growing tips of root hairs possessing dense...

Infection of soybean root hairs by Bradyrhizobium japonicum is the first of several complex events leading to nodulation. In the current proteomic study, soybean root hairs after inoculation with B. japonicum were separated from roots. Total proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In one experiment, 96 protein spots were analyzed by matrix-assisted la...

Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs grow longer and denser in response to low-phosphorus availability. In addition, plants with the root hair response acquire more phosphorus than mutants that have root hairs that do not respond to phosphorus limiting conditions. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the efficiency of root hairs in phosphorus acquisition at high- and low-phosphorus availa...

BACKGROUND Topical antimicrobial therapy is increasingly important in the treatment of canine pyoderma as the incidence of multidrug resistance has risen. However, little information is reported on the persistence of activity of topical antimicrobial products. OBJECTIVE To determine the residual antibacterial activity of canine hairs treated with antimicrobial sprays. ANIMALS Twelve private...

In order to determine the contribution of each cercus and its receptors in organizing the receptive field of four air-motion sensitive giant interneurons (GIs 8–1, 9–1, 9–2 and 9–3 ) of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, effects of removing the ipsilateral or contralateral cercus (referred to the side of the axons) on specific parameters of the wind-evoked responses of these neurons were investig...

Root hairs play important roles in the interaction of plants with their environment. Root hairs anchor the plant in the soil, facilitate nutrient uptake from the rhizosphere, and participate in symbiotic plant-microbe interactions. These specialized cells grow in a polar fashion which gives rise to their elongated shape, a process mediated in part by a family of small GTPases known as Rops. Rop...