Tubular reabsorption of sulfate is achieved by the sodium-dependent sulfate transporter, NaSi-1, located at the apical membrane, and the sulfate-anion exchanger, sat-1, located at the basolateral membrane. To delineate the physiological role of rat sat-1, [(35)S]sulfate and [(14)C]oxalate uptake into sat-1-expressing oocytes was determined under various experimental conditions. Influx of [(35)S...

Cyanase is an inducible enzyme in Escherichia coli that catalyzes the reaction of cyanate with bicarbonate to give two CO2 molecules. The gene for cyanase is part of the cyn operon, which includes cynT and cynS, encoding carbonic anhydrase and cyanase, respectively. Carbonic anhydrase functions to prevent depletion of cellular bicarbonate during cyanate decomposition (the product CO2 can diffus...

Introduction The kidney maintains blood pH by filtering metabolic acids and regenerating blood buffers such as bicarbonate. During CRRT, pH is regulated in a comparable way, metabolic acids are filtered or dialysed and buffer is replaced to correct metabolic acidosis and compensate for the bicarbonate lost by filtration or diffusion. Lactate, bicarbonate, acetate and citrate are the available b...

Protein citrullination catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminase (PADs) is involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis, especially in rheumatoid arthritis. Calcium is a key regulator of PAD activity, but under normal physiological conditions it remains uncertain how intracellular calcium levels can be raised to sufficiently high levels to activate these enzymes. In pursuit of trying to identify ...

The ratios of bicarbonate uptake to substrate oxidation were measured for three genera of nitrifying bacteria. The ratios for the two ammonium oxidizers tested were essentially the same; 0.0863 +/- 0.0055 and 0.0868 +/- 0.0091 mumol of bicarbonate were taken up per umol ammonium oxidized for Nitrosomonas europaea and a Nitrosospira strain, respectively. For Nitrobacter sp., a ratio of 0.0236 +/...

Evans, R. S., Olver, R. E., Appleyard, W. J., and Newman, C. G. H. (1970). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 45,321. Effects of intragastric and intravenous sodium bicarbonate on rate of recovery from post-asphyxial acidosis in the neonate. A trial was carried out on acidotic infants recovering from neonatal asphyxia, on the relative effects of intragastric and intravenous sodium bicarbonate on...

occurs intracellularly, extracellularly, and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Adding sodium bicarbonate to the extracellular fluid causes a decrease in hydrogen ions with subsequent increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Since CO2) but not bicarbonate, readily diffuses across cell membranes and into the CSF, this leads to an increase in intracellular and CSF CO2 concentration, with co...

Under the usual circumstance of ingestion of an acid ash diet the normal individual is faced with a deficit of available base. Those stores of circulating bicarbonate which enter the glomerular filtrate along with other crystalloids of the plasma are carefully conserved; only minute amounts are lost in the urine. But when an alkaline ash diet is ingested or sodium bicarbonate is administered, s...

Under the usual circumstance of ingestion of an acid ash diet the normal individual is faced with a deficit of available base. Those stores of circulating bicarbonate which enter the glomerular filtrate along with other crystalloids of the plasma are carefully conserved; only minute amounts are lost in the urine. But when an alkaline ash diet is ingested or sodium bicarbonate is administered, s...

Potassium taurine bicarbonate (PTB), an equimolar blend of potassium bicarbonate and taurine, provides a convenient and feasible means of delivering physiologically significant doses of potassium, taurine, and organic base when dissolved in water (“Kwater”). This brief essay reviews the versatile and complementary health benefits that likely would accrue in individuals making regular use of K-w...