By exploring of the multi-stage network design problem of comprehensive traffic, the paper proposes a bi-level programming model with uncertain demand. The upper level problem is to maximize the consumer surplus of all demand scenarios with budget constraint. While under the network investment decisions of the upper level problem, the lower level problem is to maximize the consumer surplus of e...

We introduce the logic of bunched implications, BI, in which multiplicative (or linear) and additive (or intuitionistic) implications live side-by-side. We provide a truth conditional semantics, a proof theory and a categorical semantics of proofs. We explain how BI arises as a logic of resources and sketch a development of this computational interpretation, which is quite diierent from that of...

Low-CO2-emission wind generation can alleviate the world energy crisis, but intermittent wind generation influences the reliability of power systems. Energy storage might smooth the wind power fluctuations and effectively improve system reliability. The contribution of energy storage to system reliability cannot be comprehensively assessed by the installed capacity of energy storage. The primar...

Gene knockout has been used as a common strategy to improve microbial strains for producing chemicals. Several algorithms are available to predict the target reactions to be deleted. Most of them apply mixed integer bi-level linear programming (MIBLP) based on metabolic networks, and use duality theory to transform bi-level optimization problem of large-scale MIBLP to single-level programming. ...

In this paper, the structural characteristic of urban multimodal transport system is fully analyzed and then a two-tier network structure is proposed to describe such a system, in which the firsttier network is used to depict the traveller’s mode choice behaviour and the second-tier network is used to depict the vehicle routing when a certain mode has been selected. Subsequently, the generalize...

This paper presents a fuzzy approach for solving the bi-level integer linear fractional programming problem (BILFPP). At the first phase of the solution algorithm and to avoid the complexity of non convexity of this problem, we begin by finding the convex hull of its original set of constraints using the cutting-plane algorithm, and then the Charnes & Cooper transformation is used to convert th...

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) management significantly contribute to high global warming potential (GWP). However, most studies have failed to facilitate identifying MSW management schemes capable of comprehensively meeting the goals from decision-makers at different hierarchical levels under uncertainties. This study develops an inexact bi-level linear program...