Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) currently are among the most widely used marker systems. In many studies, AFLPs are analyzed on the basis of the presence or absence of a band on an electrophoretic gel. As a result, dominant homozygous individuals are not distinguished from heterozygous individuals, resulting in a considerable loss of information. This article shows how codominan...

We have prepared and isolated the peptide fragments coded for by the three exons of the human beta-globin gene, using the arginine-specific protease clostripain (EC 3.4.22.8). The region encoded by the central exon (amino acid residues 31-104) contains an arginine at position 40. This site was less susceptible to cleavage than the two sites that correspond to the exon-intron boundaries, and the...

Alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta band (18-30 Hz) oscillations have been implicated in sensory anticipation and motor preparation. Here, using magneto-encephalography, we tested whether they have distinct functional roles in a saccade task that induces a remapping between sensory and motor reference frames. With a crossed hands posture, subjects had to saccade as fast and accurate as possible toward a t...

To study the effects of external visual stimulation on motor cortex-muscle synchronization, coherence between electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) was measured in normal subjects under Before, Task (visual task: Ignore or Count, or arithmetic task) and After conditions. The control (Before and After) conditions required the subject to maintain first dorsal interosseous muscle...

Anticipating future sensory events is one keystone of adaptive behavior. This notion is at the origin of recent theories suggesting perception and action control rely on internal models that are constantly tested and updated as a function of incoming sensory inputs. These hierarchical models (predictive coding and other generative models based on the notion of inference) suggest that neural res...

The intestinal glycosylceramidase of the mouse which we reported previously as a taurodeoxycholate-activated galactosylceramidase (Kobayashi, T., and Suzuki, K. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1133-1137) has been purified to homogeneity. The enzyme gave a single band of a molecular weight of 130,000 in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight estimated by S...

Neural oscillations in the beta band (15-30 Hz) occur coherently throughout the primate somatomotor network, comprising somatomotor cortices, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord, with the latter resulting in beta oscillations in muscular activity. In accordance with the anatomy of this network, these oscillations have traditionally been associated strictly with motor function. ...

The visible spectra of sperm-whale metmyoglobin and its fluoride, hydroxide, cyanide, azide, cyanate, formate, acetate, thiocyanate and nitrite derivatives were measured and resolved into Gaussian components. A linear correlation between the intensity of the band at 18500cm.(-1) and the magnetic susceptibility is found, suggesting that the band is the beta-band of the low-spin form. The analyse...

Although the basal ganglia play an important role in self-generated movement, their involvement in externally paced voluntary movement is less clear. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the region of the subthalamic nuclei of eight patients with Parkinson's disease during the performance of a warned reaction time task in which an imperative cue instructed the subject to move or not t...

We investigate the extent to which functional circuits coupling cortical and subthalamic activity are multiple and segregated by frequency in untreated Parkinson's disease (PD). To this end, we recorded EEG and local field potentials (LFPs) from macroelectrodes inserted into the subthalamic nucleus area (SA) in nine awake patients following functional neurosurgery for PD. Patients were studied ...