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Abstract The study offers an analysis of two concepts used for reducing negative environmental impact: best available techniques and practices. concept has been widely a long time proven to be effective tool implementing various regulatory mechanisms. Best practices, on the other hand, have not known very their application is yet widespread. practices are only applied voluntarily; this fact dis...

This paper analyzes the competition among clubs in which the status of club members is the crucial added value accruing to fellow club members through social interaction within the club (e.g. in professional sports clubs, academic faculties, country clubs, or internet communities). In the course of competition for new members, clubs trade off the effect of entry on average status of the club an...