Sputtering erosion/redeposition is analyzed for ITER plasma facing components, with scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma convective radial transport and non-convective (diffusion-only) transport. The analysis uses the UEDGE and DEGAS codes to compute plasma SOL profiles and ion and neutral fluxes to the wall, TRIM-SP code to compute sputter yields, and REDEP/WBC code package for 3-D kinetic modeling o...

Abastract:: Female albino rats were administered beryllium nitrate at doses of 1mg/kg i.p. once a day for 90 consecutive days followed by combination therapy of Aloe vera (150mg/kg p.o.) with piperine (2.5mg/kg p.o.) and Moringa oleifera root extract (150mg/kg p.o.) with curcumin (5mg/ kg p.o.) once a day for last 15 days to encounter the characteristic blood biochemical alterations. Exposure o...

Beryllium was released into the air from routine operations and three accidental fires at the Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) in Colorado from 1958 to 1989. We evaluated environmental monitoring data and developed estimates of airborne concentrations and their uncertainties and calculated lifetime cancer risks and risks of chronic beryllium disease to hypothetical receptors. This article discusses expo...

Gaseous beryllium metaborate, Be(B02)2,has been identified mass spectrometrically in the vapor above the beryllium-boron-oxygen system. A st-jdy of this system by differential thermal analysis» and Knudsen effusion using a vacuum balance and mass spectrometer, showt-i solid DeoBo0, to be the only condensed mixed oxide phase present with a melting point of 1495 ± 5C. The following thermodynamic ...

Due to the toxicity of beryllium compounds, the chemistry of beryllium is far less developed than that of its neighboring elements [1, 2]. As berylliumcontaining materials feature unique properties, most of the corresponding research is done in material sciences [3]. With regard to its toxicity, additional work is focused on the coordination chemistry of Be(II) in aqueous solutions [4, 5]. Thus...

There is controversy on whether occupational exposure to beryllium causes lung cancer. We conducted a systematic review of epidemiologic studies on cancer among workers exposed to beryllium, including a study of seven U.S. production plants which has been recently updated, a study of patients with beryllium disease (largely overlapping with the former study) and several smaller studies. A small...

Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a granulomatous lung disease that occurs primarily in workers who are exposed to beryllium dust or fumes. Although exposure to beryllium is a necessary factor in the pathobiology of CBD, alleles that code for a glutamic acid residue at the 69th position of the HLA-DPbeta1 gene have previously been found to be associated with CBD. To date, 43 HLA-DPbeta1 allele...

Despite more than 20 years of surveillance and epidemiologic studies using the beryllium blood lymphocyte proliferation test (BeBLPT) as a measure of beryllium sensitization (BeS) and as an aid for diagnosing subclinical chronic beryllium disease (CBD), improvements in specific understanding of the inhalation toxicology of CBD have been limited. Although epidemiologic data suggest that BeS and ...

Chronic beryllium disease is predominantly a pulmonary granulomatosis that was originally described in 1946. Symptoms usually include dyspnea and cough. Fever, anorexia, and weight loss are common. Skin lesions are the most common extrathoracic manifestation. Granulomatous hepatitis, hypercalcemia, and kidney stones can also occur. Radiographic and physiologic abnormalities are similar to those...

C hronic beryllium disease (CBD) appeared to be waning 30 yrs ago [1]. In 1980, less than one case per year was reported and the incidence rate per ton of beryllium produced had declined from between five and 10, to less than 0.001. CBD appeared to be heading toward the medical archives as a success story of environmental control in the absence of understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseas...