defamiliarization, the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar, is the main function of artistic literature. paradox is one of its techniques. paradox is used either syntactically or semantically. ibn al-farid was a mystic sufi poet gifted by mystical perceptions in addition to his poetic talents....

there have been a lot of arguments about body in pre-modern literature in different disciplines such as christian religious and theological debates. such debates argue that body is considered as a negative element with the potentiality of committing sin and preventing the elevation of spirit. these arguments are followed by western philosophy of mind/ body paradox, which is itself followed by o...

* We are grateful for comments from anonymous referees and an associate editor and from seminar participants at the 1998 Winter Meetings. This paper is a substantially revised version of a chapter of Wilson's 1997 University of Arizona Ph.D. thesis. Wilson acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation dissertation grant. Reynolds did much of his work while visiting CERGE at Charles Un...

We prove existence of mixed strategy equilibria for a class of discontinuous two-player games with non-compact strategy sets. As a corollary of our main results, we obtain a continuum of mixed strategy equilibria for the firstand second-price two-bidder auctions with toeholds. We also find Klemperer’s (2000) result about the existence of mixed strategy equilibria in the classical Bertrand duopo...

This paper extends the Bertrand–Edgeworth price-setting game with finitely many firms to a game with infinitely many firms. Taking a market with one significant firm and a nonatomic fringe, we present a microfoundation of dominant-firm price leadership.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

Brander and Lewis argue in a seminal paper (AER, 1986) that a Þrm’s debt-equity ratio should have important strategic effects on product market competition. We test their model in a duopoly experiment under both, Bertrand and Cournot competition. We Þnd that leverage has strategic effects, but those effects are much weaker than predicted by theory. SpeciÞcally, we Þnd for price competition a ge...

Olson (1965) has argued that one way large groups overcome the free-rider problem is through by-product lobbying. The by-product firm sells a private good to potential members of the interest group and finances lobbying with its profits. It has been argued that by-product lobbying firms cannot survive competition with for-profit firms, since this would compete away monopoly rents, leaving the f...

In a theoretical framework we compare production-in-advance type and production-to-order type environments. We carry out our analysis in the framework of a symmetric capacity-constrained Bertrand-Edgeworth duopoly game and prove that the equilibrium profits are the same in case of production in advance and production to order. In addition, advance production results in higher prices than produc...