Starting from allyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), allyl (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (5) was synthesized under Helferich conditions. Module 5 was converted to 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl bromide (8) which was then coupled with methyl (allyl 2,3-di...

The aim of the following research was to formulate benzyl benzoate in emulgel form and to evaluate the release of the medicament from it. Emulgel containing 25% w/w of benzyl benzoate was prepared by addition of a gelling agent; Carbopol 934 to an emulsion using Span 80 as emulsifying agent. The release of benzyl benzoate was determined by Franz diffusion cell using cellulose acetate membrane f...

In a number of experimental systems, the early stage of the apoptotic process, i.e., the stage that precedes nuclear disintegration, is characterized by the breakdown of the inner mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi m). This delta psi m disruption is mediated by the opening of permeability transition (PT) pores and appears to be critical for the apoptotic cascade, since it is direc...

An effective protocol for the plant regeneration via direct and indirect organogenesis has been developed from leaf explants of Asystasia gangetica (L.), cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations combinations auxin cytokinins. Approximately 86% produced shoots MS containing 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) 10 μg Triacontanol (TRIA) a maximum 4.82 ± 0.29 per...

An efficient and highly reproducible protocol for micropropagation of bird eye chilli Capsicum frutescens was attempted. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.5-3.0 mgl(-1) of 6-benzyladenine (BA), 2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP), kinetin and 0.5-2.0 mg l(-1) of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) along with 1 gl(-1) activated charcoal (AC) were used for shoot regeneratio...

A protocol was developed for the in vitro propagation of ginger (Zingiber officinale) cv. Suprava using dormant axillary buds from unsprouted rhizomes. The dormant axillary buds embedded in the rhizome nodes were induced to sprout when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) alone (1-6 mg/1) or with a combination of BA (1-6 mg/1) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5, 1 mg/l)...

A rapid and efficient protocol for the large-scale propagation of an important woody medicinal plant, Cassia alata L., is described. Cotyledonary node (CN) obtained from 15 day-old aseptic seedling were used as an explant and their morphogenetic potential was tested on MS media with various concentrations (0.5–12.5 μM) of 6-benzyladenine (BA), Kinetin (Kn), and 2-isopentinyl adenine (2iP) alone...

Conceptually, blocking human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration is the last possibility for preventing irreversible cellular infection. Using cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and CD4(+) T cells, which represent primary targets in sexual transmission, we demonstrated that blocking integration with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs), particularly L-870812, ...

Highly potent and selective CYP2C19 inhibitors are not currently available. In the present study, N-3-benzyl derivatives of nirvanol and phenobarbital were synthesized, their respective (+)- and (-)-enantiomers resolved chromatographically, and inhibitor potencies determined for these compounds toward CYP2C19 and other human liver cytochromes P450 (P450s). (-)-N-3-Benzyl-phenobarbital and (+)-N...