In this paper we initiate a quantitative study of the decentralization of the governance structures of Bitcoin and Ethereum. In particular, we scraped the open-source repositories associated with their respective codebases and improvement proposals to find the number of people contributing to the code itself and to the overall discussion. We then present different metrics to quantify decentrali...

The York Retreat is famous in the history of nineteenth-century psychiatry because of its association with moral treatment. Although there exists a substantial historical literature on the evolution of moral treatment at the Retreat, several interpretive problems continue to obscure its unique therapeutic legacy. The nature of moral treatment as practised at the Retreat will be clarified and di...

This paper, which is informed by a feminist perspective, presents an analysis of the gender representations that emerge in the Portuguese newsmagazines, focusing in particular on their intersection with the thematic profile of this type of medium. The results suggest that these publications tend to favour representational paradigms that are consistent with the ‘benevolent sexism’. While men are...

Succeeding generations of medical practitioners have tended to complain about their lot. In more recent years the complaints about terms of service have been directed at the administrators of the system originally devised by politicians with the acquiescence of a reluctant profession. These complaints are more concerned with the small print refinements in an already well tried system. Looking b...

The rotten kid theorem states that, if a household head is sufficiently rich and benevolent towards other household members, then it is in the self-interest of other household members to take those actions that maximize the total income of the household, even at a cost to their own private income. This theorem holds under certain restrictive assumptions, but the assumptions needed for it to be ...

This essay places the eight country case studies of federalism, economic reforms, and globalization (available as SCID working papers 147-153) in context. We trace the evolution of the literature on federalism from its early focus on the design of fiscal arrangements to achieve efficient outcomes in a world of benevolent social planners and closed economies to later work relaxing these assumpti...

In the modern North American context, the patientcentred approach has become the foremost ideology of medicine.1 The patient’s centrality and participation in decision making have emerged as strong themes,2 with the result that antipaternalism has become the predominant philosophical position regarding the physician-patient relationship.3 Given this development, our commentary poses the followi...

Organizations are increasingly concerned about their social and environmental responsibilities interested in developing strategies to improve performance accountability these areas. One such strategy focuses on leadership styles, by which leaders selected or trained address the needs of people entities outside themselves (i.e., stakeholders), subsequently inspire followers do same. Implicit thi...

The clinical management of intersex has undergone a significant change in values. Whereas in former times, benevolent medical paternalism was the rule, today, the patient's right to respect for dignity and self-determination is given priority. This paper discusses ethical considerations shaping the modern therapeutic management of intersex conditions that do not entail acute health risks. It co...

I characterise the dynamics of capacity accumulation and investment in advertising in a spatial monopoly model, contrasting the socially optimal behaviour of a benevolent planner against the behaviour of a pro...t-maximising monopolist. I show that, in steady state, the monopolist always distorts both kinds of investment as compared to the social optimum, except in a situation where the Ramsey ...