BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oral diseases are very important because they impose economic and social burden on societies. Given the resource scarcity, it is necessary to devise cost-effective and scientific strategies to prevent and control oral diseases. This study aimed to estimate the potential cost-savings for dental caries treatment associated with Community Water Fluoridation Program (CWFP) in Ke...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profitability of hatchery litter recycling into poultry feedstuff supplement. The data were collected in 2011 in 4 provinces, by direct interviewing of all hatcheries which used the hatchery litter drying machine. Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) methods were applied for this analysis. In the studi...

BACKGROUND Pharmacist interventions are one of the pivotal parts of a clinical pharmacy service within a hospital. This study estimates the cost avoidance generated by pharmacist interventions due to the prevention of adverse drug events (ADE). The types of interventions identified are also analysed. METHODS Interventions recorded by a team of hospital pharmacists over a one year time period ...

experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in kermanshah to shed lights on economic analysis of deficit irrigation and integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizer son cultivation of medicinal plant borage (borago officinalis l). irrigation tritments include: a) 30% less water than crop requires invegetative, b) inreprodu...

Text pages 29 Tables 1 Figures 4 References 45 Word count: Abstract 190 Introduction 528

Regarding the costs related to the physicians writing ECG reports, the authors have informed that the cardiologists who analyze the ECGs take turns in shifts to cover the entire state of Minas Gerais. The cost of those professionals, however, has not been informed in the analyses performed in that article. Another important factor not specified in that article is whether all elective and emerge...

This paper addresses the question of optimal phenotypic plasticity as a response to environmental fluctuations while optimizing the cost/benefit ratio, where the cost is energetic expense of plasticity, and benefit is fitness. The dispersion matrix Σ of the genes’ response (H = ln|Σ|) is used: (i) in a numerical model as a metric of the phenotypic variance reduction in the course of fitness opt...

ions ( other country GW  ) were downscaled to grid level ( other cell GW  ) based on proportion of each cell water use in other sector ( MAgPIE Other WU  ) to country total water use in other sectors (( MAgPIE Other WU  )Country) as obtained from the MAgPIE model results. In the final step, downscaled grid level groundwater abstractions for agriculture and other sectors were addded to get t...