We report numerical evidence of the discontinuous transition of a tethered membrane model which is defined within a framework of the membrane elasticity of Helfrich. Two kinds of phantom tethered membrane models are studied via the canonical Monte Carlo simulation on triangulated fixed connectivity surfaces of spherical topology. One surface model is defined by the Gaussian term and the bending...

The model of the large deflection of fabrics considering the effect of bending hysteresis was established for describing the post-buckling behavior of woven fabrics. The moment-curvature relationship of fabrics obtained by pure bending test was approximated by the Rate-model and the change in the flexural rigidity caused by the hysteresis was incorporated into the analysis. Using a nonlinear FE...

The creep of reticulated metallic foams is studied through the finite element method using three-dimensional, periodic unit cells with four different architectures characterized by struts which deform primarily by: (i) simple bending, (ii) compression, (iii) a combination of simple bending and compression and (iv) double bending (for Kelvin space-filling tetrakaidecahedra). The creep behavior o...

Research on phototropism has had far-reaching consequences in the field of plant biology, from helping to refute the ancient misconception of plant insensitivity to the environment to the discovery of the plant hormone auxin and the identification of the phototropin photoreceptors. In this essay, we trace the major trends and ideas that shaped past shoot phototropism research and briefly summar...

We construct Colding-Minicozzi limit minimal laminations in open domains in R with the singular set of C-convergence being any properly embedded C-curve. By Meeks’ C-regularity theorem, the singular set of convergence of a Colding-Minicozzi limit minimal lamination L is a locally finite collection S(L) of C-curves that are orthogonal to the leaves of the lamination. Thus, our existence theorem ...

Several factors must be considered when designing parts that are being made by bending. The primary factor is minimum radius and angle of bending that can be bent successfully without metal cracking. Low carbon steel metal (st37), manufactured by Libyan Iron and steel Company, was used in this study. Various bending processes by Vee die for different radii and calculate thickness were conducted...

We derive, from an empirical interaction potential, an analytic formula for the elastic bending modulus of single-layer MoS2 (SLMoS2). By using this approach, we do not need to define or estimate a thickness value for SLMoS2, which is important due to the substantial controversy in defining this value for two-dimensional or ultrathin nanostructures such as graphene and nanotubes. The obtained e...

Mechanical bending is ubiquitous in heteroepitaxial growth of thin films where the strained growing film applies effectively an “external” stress to bend the substrate. Conventionally, when the deposited film is much thinner than the substrate, the bending increases linearly with increasing film thickness following the classical Stoney formula. Here we analyze the bending of ultrathin nanometer...

This is the first part of a two-part paper dedicated to a new plate theory for out-of-plane loaded thick plates where the static unknowns are those of the Kirchhoff-Love theory (3 in-plane stresses and 3 bending moments), to which six components are added representing the gradient of the bending moment. The new theory, called the Bending-Gradient plate theory is described in the present paper. ...

Integration host factor (IHF) is a prokaryotic protein required for the integration of lambda phage DNA into its host genome. An x-ray crystal structure of the complex shows that IHF binds to the minor groove of DNA and bends the double helix by 160 degrees [Rice PA, Yang S, Mizuuchi K, Nash HA (1996) Cell 87:1295-1306]. We sought to dissect the complex formation process into its component bind...