Religion is a collection of behavior that is only unified in our Western conception of it. It need not have a natural unity. There is no reason to assume, and good reason not to assume, that all religious behavior evolved together at the same time in response to a single shift in the environment. This article does not look at the religion as a unified entity and seek a definition of its essence...

Psychological research suggests that people believe that even in very large samples proportions might depart significantly from the population mean. We model this “non-belief in the Law of Large Numbers” by assuming that a person believes that proportions in any given sample of binary signals might be determined by a rate different than the true rate. In inference, a non-believer attends too li...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Spiritual life can be defined as the search for personal contact with the transcendent. Careful assessment of spiritual life can help to value its importance to cancer patients from the moment of their diagnosis. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Two hundred fifty-seven patients undergoing cancer treatment filled in the validated Italian version of the Systems of Bel...

The Qur’an carries many references to the created world being subjected divine testing. It, therefore, seems obvious ask whether COVID pandemic that has caused so much suffering across and continues ravage communities represents a test by God for faithful believers. Tests can be daunting experiences, causing apprehension fear. To what extent should believers regard as fearful, traumatic experie...