Porous hydroxyapatite-polyhydroxybutyrate (HA-PHB) composites were fabricated by infiltrating PHB micro-/nanoparticles into rigid HA scaffolds via centrifugation, followed by subsequent heating at 175°C to melt the PHB into the scaffolds. HA scaffolds were obtained by heating trabecular bovine femur bone at 1350°C to remove the organic and sinter the HA. PHB particles were recovered and purifie...

A framework to represent and operate functions is needed, because functions are crucial in various engineering activities. This paper formalizes combining multiple functions . The presented method is based on the Function-Behavior-State (FBS) modeling. In the FBS modeling . a functional world consisting of subjective descriptions and a physical world described based on Qualitative Process Theor...

This memo defines a Time Sliding Window Three Colour Marker (TSWTCM), which can be used as a component in a Diff-Serv traffic conditioner [RFC2475, RFC2474]. The marker is intended to mark packets that will be treated by the Assured Forwarding (AF) Per Hop Behaviour (PHB) [AFPHB] in downstream routers. The TSWTCM meters a traffic stream and marks packets to be either green, yellow or red based ...

This paper investigates rate configuration of the Expedited Forwarding (EF) class of Differentiated Services (DiffServ) when used with 802.11e EDCA. The rate configuration problem is presented, and several approaches are tested and evaluated in order to solve the problem. Results reveal that the contention window makes rate configuration very hard for the highest priority class (AC_VO) in 802.1...

This paper proposes an ontological model of Donald Schön's notion of reflection in the domain of designing. We address two views of this notion. First, we present a functional view that describes reflection in terms of the designer's interactions with the design object and their intended and unin-tended consequences that then drive further interactions. Second, we present a constructional view ...

This paper proposes an ontological model of Donald Schön’s notion of reflection in the domain of designing. We address two views of this notion. First, we present a functional view that describes reflection in terms of the designer’s interactions with the design object and their intended and unintended consequences that then drive further interactions. Second, we present a constructional view t...

The Function-Behavior-Structure model (FBS) of design conceptualizes objects in terms of function, behavior, and structure. It has been widely utilized as a foundation for modelling the design process that transforms posited functions to a description of behaviors. Nevertheless, the FBS model is still regarded as a subjective and experience-based process and it provides no theory about how a fu...

This article puts forward an examination of using OFDMA method like WiMax for future cellular systems. The main goal of investigation and simulation is Doppler Effect influence on orthogonality disturbance in critical but real situations. The simulation results, allow coming to conclusion that Doppler Effect influence on pilot signals leads to BER increasing. The paper proposes Doppler Effect l...

This memo describes several Rate Adaptive Shapers (RAS) that can be used in combination with the single rate Three Color Markers (srTCM) and the two rate Three Color Marker (trTCM) described in RFC2697 and RFC2698, respectively. These RAS improve the performance of TCP when a TCM is used at the ingress of a diffserv network by reducing the burstiness of the traffic. With TCP traffic, this reduc...

Stomata play a key role in the control of plant water relations and photosynthesis. A rapid non-destructive method to study the stomatal behaviour in aerial parts of plants is important for researchers in plant sciences and agricultural fields. Stomata close in response to drought stress. Stomatal closure causes lower availability of CO2 inside the leaf and thus a decrease in the rate of carbox...