Abstract In 594 BCE, the Athenian lawgiver Solon, called upon to resolve a deepening social crisis, introduced new constitution and mandated that in civil conflicts, no citizen is remain apathetic must take sides. Because law seemed support strife, it presents puzzle. The paper offers political economy rationale for Solon’s against neutrality, modeling conflict as rent-seeking competition. We d...

It was just fifty years ago that Robert Koch made the epoch-making discovery of the tubercle bacillus as the cause of tuberculosis. The first announcement of this discovery was made by him in March 1882 before a meeting of the Physiological Society of Berlin and the modern era of tuberculosis may be said to begin from that date. Before this discovery tuberculosis was believed to be due to some ...

extended abstract 1. introduction after 11thseptemberand providing background for thoughts of new conservative strategists, doctrine of changing regimes for omitting governments which were against hegemony of the usa, was focused by national security of america. new conservative decision makers with focusing on strategy of changing regime omitting contestant and bankrupt governments and creatin...

In ... the greater part of Europe during the tenth, eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, and for some time both before and after that period, the constitution of the church of Rome may be considered as the most formidable combination that ever was formed against the authority and security of civil government, as well as against the liberty, reason, and happiness of mankind, which can fl...

This work analyzes the problems presented by two manuscripts from time of May Revolution with translations United States Constitution attributed to Dr. Mariano Moreno. It indicates provenance both documents and in what circumstances they were Then article presents unknown or scattered evidence that challenges this widespread belief. reviews some inaccuracies historiography reveals true author v...

The holy Quran has put “calling people to do good deeds” [or calling people to an act of benevolence] besides and prior to “commanding rightand forbidding wrong”, [or commanding beneficence and forbidding maleficence]. However in many interpretive and jurisprudential books, no sufficient effort has been made to elaborate the difference features between these two and their results, whose  manife...