Predator–prey communities are building blocks of an ecosystem. Feeding rates reflect interference between predators in several situations, e.g. when predators form a dense colony or perform collective motion in a school, encounter prey in a region of limited size, etc. We perform spatio-temporal dynamics and pattern formation in a model aquatic system in both homogeneous and heterogeneous envir...

and Applied Analysis 3 Under A1 , let u u − u∗, v v − v∗ and drop the bars for simplicity of notations, then 1.1 can be transformed into the following equivalent system: ut d1Δu t, x u u∗ 1 − u t − τ, x u∗ − s u u ∗ v v∗ m u u∗ n v v∗ , vt d2Δv t, x r u u∗ v v∗ m u u∗ n v v∗ − d v v∗ . 2.2 Let P u, v uv/ m u nv . By u∗ 1 − u∗ − su∗v∗/ m u∗ nv∗ 0 and −dv∗ ru∗v∗/ m u∗ nv∗ 0 2.2 becomes ut d1Δu t,...