Streamflow in the Himalayan rivers is generated from rainfall, snow and ice. The distribution of runoff produced from these sources is such that the streamflow may be observed in these rivers throughout the year, i.e. they are perennial in nature. Snow and glacier melt runoff contributes substantially to the annual flows of these rivers and its estimation is required for the planning, developme...

Important characteristics of an appropriate river basin model, intended to study the effect of climate change on basin response, are the spatial and temporal resolution of the model and the rainfall input. The effects of input and model resolution on extreme discharge of a large river basin are assessed to give some indication on appropriate resolutions. A simple stochastic rainfall model and a...

australian rainfall is related with numerous key climate predictors namely el-nino southern oscillation (enso), indian ocean dipole (iod) and southern annular mode (sam). some studies have tried to discover the effects of these climate predictors on rainfall variability of different parts of australia, particularly western australia, queensland and victoria. nonetheless, clear association betwe...

r a 200 .007 : +886 2 tu.edu.t Summary We investigated the effectiveness of combining gauge observations and satellite-derived precipitation on flood forecasting. Two data merging processes were proposed: the first one assumes that the individual precipitation measurement is non-bias, while the second process assumes that each precipitation source is biased and both weighting factor and bias pa...

     Drought monitoring is a fundamental component of drought risk management. It is normally performed using various drought indices that are effectively continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables. In many instances, drought indices are used for monitoring purposes. Geostatistical methods allow the interpolation of spatially referenced data and the prediction of v...

The Shuffled Complex Evolution—University of Arizona (SCE-UA) is a classical algorithm in the field hydrology and water resources, but it cannot solve constrained optimization problems directly. Using penalty functions has been preferred method to handle constraints, appropriate selection parameters can be challenging. To enhance universality SCE-UA, we propose Constrained Evolution Algorithm (...