BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare differences in cost estimates for paediatric HIV hospital service provision based on hospital prices with cost estimates obtained through a research-based service-specific costing exercise. METHODS Activity data on the use of hospital services of children by stage of HIV infection were collected from case-notes for 118 HIV antibody positiv...

In today’s business world whose characteristics include limited financial resources it is critical to identify and monitor where and how these resources need to be invested in the company. The Master Budget represents a plan of action which specifies how financial resources will be acquired and invested during a particular time period. Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) is a budgeting approach that...

We estimated the costs of a molecular test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to rifampin (Xpert MTB/RIF) and of smear microscopy, within the Brazilian Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, Unified Health Care System). In SUS laboratories in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Manaus, we performed activity-based costing and micro-costing. The mean unit costs for Xpert MTB/RIF and smear microscop...

Based on the Generalized Distributive Law and the features of FPGAs, this paper proposes a new strategy for implementation of Low-Costing QC-LDPC Decoder on FPGA platform. We get this new strategy from the Generalized Distributive Law, which is proposed to describe the belief propagation on graphs. And using this new strategy a low-costing (2560, 1024) LDPC decoder is implemented on a Xilinx Vi...