over the past decades a number of approaches have been applied for forecasting mortality. in 1992, a new method for long-run forecast of the level and age pattern of mortality was published by lee and carter. this method was welcomed by many authors so it was extended through a wider class of generalized, parametric and nonlinear model. this model represents one of the most influential recent d...

hedging is a multi-purpose rhetorical strategy which is usually used in scientific arguments to secure ratification of claims, reduce the risk of negation, avoid conflict, manage disagreement and leave room for the audience to assess presented information. hedges are frequently used in research articles to mitigate the findings of research endeavors. the present research aims to investigate the...

learning-oriented assessment seeks to emphasise that a fundamental purpose of assessment should be to promote learning. it mirrors formative assessment and assessment for learning processes. it can be defined as actions undertaken by teachers and / or students, which provide feedback for the improvement of teaching and learning. it also contrasts with equally important measurement-focused appro...

the present study is an experimental case study which investigates the impacts, if any, of skopos on syntactic features of the target text. two test groups each consisting of 10 ma students translated a set of sentences selected from advertising texts in the operative and informative mode. the resulting target texts were then statistically analyzed in terms of the number of words, phrases, si...

تالار شهر ترجمه لغت به لغت عبارت city hall است که در اکثر جوامع شهری دنیا بویژه در جوامعی که مفهوم دموکراسی و حاکمیت مردم بر سرنوشت خویش معتبر است، سوژه ای شناخته شده و مرسوم است. تالارشهر به مفهوم عام آن، محلی متعلق به مردم شهر و جدا از تشکیلات اداری شهرداری است. ماهیت استقلال عملکرد تالار شهر، از عملکرد مستقل شهروندان در اداره شهرشان مایه می گیرد. تالار شهر در شکل گسترده خود، به عنوان فضای اص...