N-Substituted aminomethylphenol (Mannich base) and 3,4-dihydro-2H-3-substituted 1,3-benzoxazine (benzoxazine) were synthesized from substituted phenol (p-cresol, phenol, p-chlorophenol), substituted aniline (p-toluidine, aniline, p-chloroaniline) and formaldehyde to study influence of substituent on equilibrium of benzoxazine synthesis from Mannich base and formaldehyde. (1)H-NMR and charges of...

Dead reckoning, a form of navigation used to locate a present position and to return to a starting position, is used by rats to return to their home base. The present experiment examined whether dead reckoning is displayed by rats during their first exploratory excursions in a novel environment and also examined whether the behaviour requires the integrity of the cells of the hippocampus. Exper...

The perception of body position is mainly mediated by otolith information and visual cues. It has been shown, however, that proprioceptive sources are also involved. To distinguish between the contributions of the vestibular and nonvisual extra-vestibular information to graviception, we tested the effects of a stimulus that leaves the vestibular input unchanged but modifies the information from...

Robots are highly nonlinear and chaotic in position control. The present paper mainly presents the position control of PUMA-560 Robot manipulator. Computed torque controller (CTC) is one of the solutions for position control of robot manipulators. The main drawback of controller is that it fails to operate under different dynamic operating conditions. To overcome this difficulty, intelligent co...

This paper proposes an original Three-Dimensional (3-D) positioning technique based on an enhanced Chan method by investigating the performance of position estimation method by Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA). The studied configurations assume that each mobile locates itself and so it receives and analyses signal from multiple transmitters, namely Base Station (BS). The approach is non-iterat...

BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinomas were studied regarding early proof of liver metastases through determination of K-ras mutations. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-seven colorectal carcinomas were investigated for the presence of point mutations in codon 12 and 13 of the K-ras gene, using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and direct sequencing. RESULTS Twenty-six carcinomas...

Editing in plant mitochondria consists in C to U changes and mainly affects messenger RNAs, thus providing the correct genetic information for the biosynthesis of mitochondrial (mt) proteins. But editing can also affect some of the plant mt tRNAs encoded by the mt genome. In dicots, a C to U editing event corrects a C:A mismatch into a U:A base pair in the acceptor stem of mt tRNA (GAA). In lar...

Editing in plant mitochondria consists in C to U changes and mainly affects messenger RNAs, thus providing the correct genetic information for the biosynthesis of mitochondrial (mt) proteins. But editing can also affect some of the plant mt tRNAs encoded by the mt genome. In dicots, a C to U editing event corrects a C:A mismatch into a U:A base-pair in the acceptor stem of mt tRNAPhe (GAA). In ...