Many cold adapted species occur in both montane settings and in the subarctic. Their disjunct distributions create taxonomic complexity because there is no standardized method to establish whether their allopatric populations represent single or different species. This study employs DNA barcoding to gain new perspectives on the levels and patterns of sequence divergence among populations of 122...

A sliding camera travelling along a line segment s in a polygon P can see a point p in P if and only if p lies on a line segment contained in P that intersects s at a right angle. The objective of the minimum sliding cameras (MSC) problem is to guard P with the fewest sliding cameras possible, each of which is a horizontal or vertical line segment. In this paper, we give an O(n)-time 3-approxim...

The aim of this paper was to verify hydrological and hydrochemical changes in the Iquiparí Lagoon water column, during three months, as related to an artificial sand bar opening. A drastic reduction in water volume occurred 28 hours after the sand bar opening, exposing the bottom sediment. This was densely colonized by submerged aquatic plants, which were dominant in the ecosystem metabolism, s...

Red clump giant stars can be used as distance indicators to trace the mass distribution of the Galactic bar. We use RCG stars from 44 bulge fields from the OGLE-II microlensing collaboration database to constrain analytic tri-axial models for the Galactic bar. We find the bar major axis is oriented at an angle of 24◦ – 27◦ to the Sun-Galactic centre line-of-sight. The ratio of semi-major and se...

Clathrin has been implicated in retromer-mediated trafficking, but its precise function remains elusive. Given the importance of retromers for efficient endosomal sorting, we have sought to clarify the relationship between clathrin and the SNX-BAR retromer. We find that the retromer SNX-BARs do not interact directly or indirectly with clathrin. In addition, we observe that SNX-BAR-retromer tubu...

The BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs) domain is the most conserved feature in amphiphysins from yeast to human and is also found in endophilins and nadrins. We solved the structure of the Drosophila amphiphysin BAR domain. It is a crescent-shaped dimer that binds preferentially to highly curved negatively charged membranes. With its N-terminal amphipathic helix and BAR domain (N-BAR), amphiphysin can d...

We minimize, with respect to the cross sectional area, the mass of a bar given the rate of heat transfer. The bar enhances the heat transfer surface of a larger known mass to which the bar is attached. This article is an extension of a previous publication by two coauthors, where heat transfer from the sides of the bar was neglected and only conduction through its length was considered. The rat...

Mice lacking the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR/BAR developed normally and were outwardly identical to wild-type littermates. FXR/BAR null mice were distinguished from wild-type mice by elevated serum bile acid, cholesterol, and triglycerides, increased hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides, and a proatherogenic serum lipoprotein profile. FXR/BAR null mice also had reduced bile acid pools and r...

BAR domain proteins contribute to membrane deformation in diverse cellular processes. The inverted-BAR (I-BAR) protein IRSp53, for instance, is found on the inner leaflet of the tubular membrane of filopodia; however its role in the formation of these structures is incompletely understood. Here we develop an original assay in which proteins are encapsulated in giant unilamellar vesicles connect...

Stabilizer bar is an important component of the vehicle’s independent suspension system and plays an important role in the safety traffic. Therefore, the research on fatigue strength characteristics of the automobile stabilizer bar is very important. In this paper, the finite element model is established for the automobile stabilizer bar by utilizing ANSYS finite element analysis software. The ...