We propose a new definition of entropy for any mass m, based on gravitation and through the concept of a gravitational cross section. It turns out to be proportional to mass, and therefore extensive, and to the age of the Universe. It is a Machian approach. It is also the number of gravity quanta the mass has emitted through its age. The entropy of the Universe is so determined and the cosmolog...

Time-series–cross-section (TSCS) data consist of comparable time series data observed on a variety of units. The paradigmatic applications are to the study of comparative political economy, where the units are countries (often the advanced industrial democracies) and where for each country we observe annual data on a variety of political and economic variables. A standard question for such stud...

The startup of the Large Hadron Collider will allow scientists to probe energy scales that existed picoseconds after the Big Bang. Monte Carlo samples of many Standard Model processes are produced to simulate the conditions in the Compact Muon Solenoid detector. Data analysis techniques are developed to measure the cross section of the WZ 3e(e, 1u) decay channel. The results are al = 723.4 + 27...

We discuss HERA data on the high energy behavior of the total γ∗p cross section and on diffraction in deep inelastic scattering. We outline their novelty in comparison with diffraction in high energy hadron hadron scattering. As a physical picture, we propose an interpretation in terms of QCD radiation at small and large distances: a careful study of the transition between the two extremes repr...

The radiative direct capture of neutrons is calculated within the potential model. The uncertainties related to the choice of the neutron-nucleus interaction potential and the prediction of the excitation spectrum in the residual nucleus are discussed. The allowed direct E1-type transitions to all the excited states predicted by a combinatorial model of nuclear level densities are calculated wi...

Effects of in-medium cross-sections and of optical potential on pre-equilibrium emission and on formation of a thermal source are investigated by comparing the results of transport simulations with experimental results from the p+197Au reaction at 6.2-14.6 GeV/c. The employed transport model includes light composite-particle production and allows for inclusion of in-medium †Present address: Los...

The techniques used to study top quarks at hadron colliders are presented. The analyses that discovered the top quark are described, with emphasis on the techniques used to tag b quark jets in candidate events. The most recent measurements of top quark properties by the CDF and D0 / collaborations are reviewed, including the top quark cross section, mass, branching fractions and production prop...

We discuss methods for the calculation of the total partonic Higgs boson production cross section via gluon fusion and the result for the contribution that stems from two quarks of different flavor in the initial state. Our calculation is exact in the Higgs boson mass and the partonic center-of-mass energy. The result is expressed in terms of iterated integrals, some of which are Harmonic Polyl...

The Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at Fermilab with its centre of mass energy of 1.96 TeV is currently the only source for the production of top quarks. This report reflects the current status of measurements of the top quark pair production cross section and properties performed by the CDF and DØ Collaborations. Utilising datasets of up to two fb, these measurements allow unprecedented pr...

The reaction dd → 3Henπ0 has been measured at a beam momentum of pd = 1.2 GeV/c using the WASA-at-COSY facility. For the first time data on the total cross section as well as differential distributions were obtained. The data are described with a phenomenological approach based on the combination of a quasi-free model and a partial wave expansion model for the three-body reaction.