BACKGROUND Increasing attention has been given to the transparency of potential conflicts of interest in clinical medicine and biomedical sciences, particularly in journal publishing and science advisory panels. The authors examined the degree and type of financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry of panel members responsible for revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental D...

We examine the existence and strength of organizational ties between parties interest groups by innovating on classic resource exchange theory. First, we propose that nature groups’ policy orientation their general capacity primarily explain presence ties, is, are less likely to materialize when lack ideological goals have limited capacity. Second, size types resources offer from both sides wha...

regarding islamic conferece organization's aim to establish a common market among islamic countries and expedite the establishment of regional commercial ties, various islamiic countries have been divided into five groups according to their regions. in the meanwhile this research seeks to investigate the establishment of regional commercial ties between iran and central asian countries due...

iran and armenia as the countries with great religious, language and cultural differences have close and extensive ties in various fields. to understand the reason of these close and extensive ties, in addition to common interest of the two countries from this relationship, it is necessary to notice an external factor that is republic of azerbaijan and their common threat perception of them. in...

Social network users connect and interact with one another to fulfil different kinds of social and information needs. When interaction ceases between two users, we say that their tie becomes dormant. While there are different underlying reasons of dormant ties, it is important to find means to revive such ties so as to maintain vibrancy in the relationships. In this work, we thus focus on desig...

This study investigates the determinants of bridging ties within networks of interconnected firms. Bridging ties are defined as nonredundant connections between firms located in different network communities. We highlight how firms can enter into these relationships because of the incentives and opportunities for action that are embedded in the existing network structure. Specifically, we propo...

regarding the spatial dimension of ego/alter relations, the fact whether egos and alters live within the same neighbourhood and the consequences thereof are heavily debated. some authors argue that a network consisting mostly of people who live in the same urban area may result in lower socio-economic opportunities. another strand of research emphasizes the importance of strong ties on the loca...