the bicuspid aortic valve is known to be the most common congenital cardiac malformation, with an approximate incidence rate of 1-2% in the general population. most patients are unaware of the disease until the onset of infective endocarditis, which is a life-threatening complication that may affect a heart valve or other cardiac structures at the site of endothelial damage. a 22-year-old man p...

Florida is the world’s third largest producer of citrus, behind Brazil and China. This 9 billion dollar industry is now under siege by two important diseases citrus greening, also known as huanglongbing (HLB), and citrus canker. Both these diseases are caused by gram negative bacteria. Canker is primarily affecting the grapefruit industry and poses problems with the establishment of new sweet o...

Many Xanthomonas bacteria use transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins to activate plant disease susceptibility (S) genes, and this activation contributes to disease. We recently reported that rice basal transcription factor IIA gamma subunit, OsTFIIAγ5, is hijacked by TALE-carrying Xanthomonas oryzae infecting the plants. However, whether TFIIAγs are also involved in TALE-carrying...

In this study, visible-near infrared spectroscopy and mid-infrared spectroscopy were compared to evaluate their applicability in classifying citrus leaves infected with canker and Huanglongbing (HLB) from healthy citrus leaves. The visible-near infrared spectra in the range 350-2,500 nm and mid-infrared spectra in the range of 5.15-10.72 μm were collected from healthy and diseased (canker, HLB)...

a large collection of botryosphaeriaceae isolates obtained from fruit and forest trees with fruit rot, canker and dieback disease symptoms in northern provinces of the country were examined in this study. based on morphology and sequence data (its and ef1-α), two species, diplodia mutila and spencermartinsia viticola are illustrated and described as new records for iran mycobiota. furthermore, ...

Research into practical control methods for carpenterworm, Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck), a large wood boring larva, was continued. Observations indicate this pest primarily attacks older trees of the Hartley variety that are infected with deep bark canker, a stress-related bacterial disorder. Carpenterworm (CW) also attacks the Franquette variety. Hartley orchards with substantial deep bark can...