Transcellular Mg(2+) transport across epithelia, involving both apical entry and basolateral extrusion, is essential for magnesium homeostasis, but molecules involved in basolateral extrusion have not yet been identified. Here, we show that CNNM4 is the basolaterally located Mg(2+) extrusion molecule. CNNM4 is strongly expressed in intestinal epithelia and localizes to their basolateral membran...

OBJECTIVE Immature teeth have a large apical opening and thin divergent or parallel dentinal walls; hence, with conventional needle irrigation there is a very high possibility of extrusion. This study was done to compare the apical extrusion of NaOCl in an immature root delivered using EndoVac and needle irrigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty freshly extracted maxillary central incisors wer...

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that replicates within a vacuole termed an inclusion. At the end of their intracellular developmental cycle, chlamydiae are released either by lysis of the host cell or extrusion of the intact inclusion. The inclusion membrane is extensively modified by the insertion of type III secreted inclusion membrane proteins, Incs, which contri...

In this study, we have designed and implemented a system that supports learners to use backward chaining to solve proof problems about the congruence of two triangles. In addition, we have carried out an evaluation experiment in a public junior high school to measure the learning effect of the system. As a result of hypothesis tests, for students with good pretest scores, the effect of the syst...

in this paper, a new method is introduced for improving the efficiency of the residue number system, which uses both binary and residue representations in order to represent a number. a residue number system uses the remainder of the division in several different modules. conversion of a number to smaller ones and carrying out parallel calculations on these numbers greatly increase the speed of...

metal forming processes, compared with machining ones, reduce production steps and increasemanufacturing speed in addition to saving raw material. in this paper, forming process of column ofa steering mechanism is investigated by finite element analyses and experimental tests; andoptimum die design parameters are found. forming process parameters including die opening angle,bearing length, clea...

background motor intervention plays an important role in reducing the disabilities of down syndrome (ds). a lack of balance and postural control has created motor problems in ds patients. therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of backward walking on postural stability of ds patients. materials and methods sixteen ds children with 8-10 age range were selected by convenience s...

We study a class of deceptively similar games, which however have different player sets and predictions that vary with their cardinality. The economic, biological, political, and psychological applications are many. The game-theoretic principles involved are compelling as predictions rely on weaker and less controversial epistemic foundations than needed to justify backward inductions more gene...

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