Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (ER-fMRI) involves the mapping of averaged hemodynamic changes resulting from repeated, brief (<3 sec) brain activation episodes. In this paper, two issues regarding constant-interstimulus interval ER-fMRI were addressed. First, the optimal interstimulus interval (ISI), given a stimulus duration (SD), was determined. Second, the statistical po...

Frequency-chirped free-electron lasers (FELs) are useful to generate a large photon bandwidth or a shorter xray pulse duration. In this paper, we present a threedimensional analysis of a high-gain FEL driven by the energy-chirped electron beam. We show that the FEL eigenmode equation is the same for a frequency-chirped FEL as for an undulator-tapered FEL. We study the transverse effects of such...

The classical interpolation theorem of Craig (cf. e.g. [ChK73]) states that if φ ⇒ ψ is a valid first order predicate logic formula, then there exists a first order formula θ built using only nonlogical symbols occurring in both φ and ψ and, possibly, equality, such that the formulas φ ⇒ θ and θ ⇒ ψ are valid too. A formula θ with this property is called an interpolant between φ and ψ. Similar ...

AbsfracfThis paper presents the results of average and impulsive noise measurements inside several office buildings and retail stores. The noise measurement system operated at 918 MHz, 2.44 GHz, and 4 GHz with a nominal 40 MHz 3 dB RF bandwidth. Omnidirectional and directional antennas were used to investigate the characteristics and sources of RF noise in indoor channels. Statistical analyses ...

Soft x-ray emission from plasmas produced by ablation from a magnesium target employing a ruby laser is studied using a grazing incidence spectrograph in the spectral region 3–12 nm. Emission intensities are investigated for different ionic lines as a function of position, time after the maximum of the laser pulse and laser irradiance. A gated pinhole camera is employed for studying the evoluti...

Duration Calculus (or DC in short) presents a formal notation to specify properties of real-time systems and a calculus to formally prove such properties. Decidability is the underlying foundation to automated reasoning. But, excepting some of its simple fragments, DC has been shown to be undecidable. DC takes the set of real numbers to represent time. The main reason of undecidability comes fr...

In this chapter we will present selected central elements in the theory of Duration Calculus and we will give examples of applications. The chapter will cover syntax, semantics and proof system for the basic logic. Furthermore, results on decidability, undecidability and model-checking will be presented. A few extensions of the basic calculus will be described, in particular, Hybrid Duration Ca...

The drilling of copper using a dual-pulse femtosecond laser with wavelength of 800 nm, pulse duration of 120 fs and a variable pulse separation time (0.1–150 ps) is investigated theoretically. A one-dimensional two-temperature model with temperature-dependent material properties is considered, including dynamic optical properties and the thermal-physical properties. Rapid phase change and phase...

A globally-averaged, pulsed inductive plasma model is reproduced and utilized to investigate pre-ionization conditions for a pulsed inductive plasma accelerator. Attention is given to better quantifying the formation and energy conversion/loss processes associated with the pre-ionization stage. Simulations are completed for different power input pulse duration, seed plasma density, and total in...

We analyze the path arrival rate for an inroom radio channel with directive antennas. The impulse response of this channel exhibits a transition from early separate components followed by a diffuse reverberation tail. Under the assumption that the transmitter’s (or receiver’s) position and orientation are picked uniformly at random we derive an exact expression of the mean arrival rate for a re...