PURPOSE To determine the safety and toxicities of sequential MMC (mitomycin C) + BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and explore evidence for potentiation of BCG activity by MMC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A 3 + 3 phase I dose-escalation trial of six weekly treatments was conducted in patients with NMIBC. MMC (10, 20, or 40 mg) was instilled int...

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most deadly infectious disease in existence, and the only available vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is almost a century old and poorly protective. The immunological complexity of TB, coupled with rising resistance to antimicrobial therapies, necessitates a pipeline of diverse novel vaccines. Here, we show that Bacillus subtilis spores can be coated with a fusio...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is an essential problem for healthcare systems especially in developing countries. All newborns are given Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in Iran which is prepared from live bovine tuberculosis bacillus, and is given to protect against tuberculosis. Osteomyelitis secondary to BCG vaccination is rare and usually involves epiphysis of long tubular bones. METHODS 4...

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to ravage humanity, causing 2 million deaths per year. A vaccine against TB more potent than the current live vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is desperately needed. Using two commercially available strains of BCG as host strains, BCG Connaught and Tice, we have constructed two recombinant BCG vaccines stably expressing and secreting the 30-kDa major secretor...

We investigated the ability of human antibodies induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination to protect against mycobacterial infections. Serum samples containing mycobacterium-specific antibodies were obtained from volunteers who had received two intradermal BCG vaccinations 6 months apart. Significant increases in lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-specific immunoglobulin G ...

To understand the evolution, attenuation, and variable protective efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines, Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur 1173P2 has been subjected to comparative genome and transcriptome analysis. The 4,374,522-bp genome contains 3,954 protein-coding genes, 58 of which are present in two copies as a result of two independent tandem duplications, DU1 and DU2. DU1 is...

Background Clinical and immunological studies in humans show that the live attenuated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has beneficial non-specific effects, increasing resistance against diseases other than tuberculosis. The underlying mechanisms are currently being explored. pig exhibits considerable physiological similarity to anatomy physiology, suggesting similar responses BCG could be...

This paper provides recommendations on the management of complications arising from intravesical treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for nonmuscle-invasive bladder tumors. There is minimal recommendations currently available as randomized trials on the side effects of intravesical BCG are lacking and severe complications are usually described in case reports only. All physicians givin...

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used to treat bladder cancer for almost 30 years; however, the effector mechanism of the BCG-induced antitumor response remains enigmatic. Most BCG research has focused on the mononuclear-cell infiltrate, but growing evidence supports a role for neutrophils in the antitumor response. Previously, we demonstrated increased urinary tumor ...

Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) hasbecome an established adjuvant treatment for superficial bladdercarcinoma. This treatment is associated with a relatively high rateof side effects which are mostly reversible spontaneously or canbe treated symptomatically. Serious systemic side effects are lessfrequent. One of rare complications is gran...